congenital heart defects

what does compensation cause in heart failure

increase in HR, neurohormonal changes, shunting, vasoconstriction

what does cardiomegaly cause in realtion to heart failure

heart gets bigger dt increased effort and arterial vasoconstriction

what does cardiomegaly cause

weak/inefficient pumping, congestion and pulmonary edema

what happens when there is an increase in pulmonary blood flow

increased blood volume on R side of heart, decreased systemic blood flow, increased cardiac blood flow

what signs and symptoms are common with an increase in pulmonary blood flow

HOLES - HF and pulm HTN, often resp infections, low growth rate, extra heart sounds, stroke risk

what is an atrial septal defect

a hole in septum btw right and left atria

what happens in a ASD

blood goes into right atrium from left

what is a ventricular septal defect

hole in the septum between left and right ventricles

what happens in a VSD

blood flows from R ventricle into the left, causes a stiffening of the lungs with ineffective ventalation

what is a patent ductus arteriosus

the DA that connects the pulm artery to arota does not close

what happens with a PDA

non-oxegenated blood from pulm artery mixes with oxygenated blood from aorta

what medications can treat PDA

indomethacin, NSAIDS

what is a Hallmark S&S of CHD that deacreases pulmonary blood flow

Tet spells

what is tetralogy of fallot

4 separate defects - RAPS - Right vent hypertrophy, Aortic displacement, Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular Septal defect

what does TOF cause

R→ L shunting of blood, recircualtion of deoxygenated blood

what are common S&S associated with CHD

AFFLICT - Activity causes cyanosis, fingernail clubbing, fatigue/faints easily, lift knees to chest, increased irratability, cardiac sound changes, trouble feeding

what medication is key when dealing with transposition of the great arteries

aloprostadil - prostaglandin E1 to keep the ductus arteriosus open