Year 9 Human Movement End of Semester Exam Revision

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering Human Body Systems, Exercise Physiology, and Sports Aids for the Year 9 Human Movement End of Semester Exam.

According to the revision checklist, what are the two main topic areas covered on the exam?

1) Human Body Systems: Anatomy & Exercise Physiology, and 2) Sports Aids.

Which four body systems are included under Human Body Systems: Anatomy & Exercise Physiology?

The Skeletal System, Muscular System, Circulatory System, and Respiratory System.

Which three areas of study are included under Sports Aids?

Coaching, Movement Skills and Skill Acquisitions; Sports Technology; and Sports Psychology.

What are the rules for using the revision checklist effectively before the exam?

Create flashcards to help understanding, tick each box only once the point can be explained out loud from memory without notes, and place anything unticked $48\text{ hours}$ before the exam onto a priority revision list.

What are the five sections of the vertebral column and the exact number of vertebrae in each?

Cervical ($7$), Thoracic ($12$), Lumbar ($5$), Sacrum ($5$ fused), and Coccyx ($4$ fused).

Which major bones of the skeleton are listed to label or name?

Cranium, mandible, clavicle, scapula, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, and metatarsals.

Which three types of connective tissue are studied in the skeletal system?

Cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

What eleven types of movement are listed in the skeletal system unit?

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Plantarflexion, Dorsiflexion, Rotation, Inversion, Eversion, Supination, and Pronation.

Which major muscles of the body are specified for labeling on the front and back?

Trapezius, deltoid, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, quadriceps group, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus.

What are the two muscle fibre types studied in the muscular system?

Fast Twitch fibres and Slow Twitch fibres.

What types of muscle contraction are studied in the muscular system unit?

Isotonic contractions (eccentric and concentric), isometric contraction, and isokinetic contraction.

What three muscle roles must be defined under reciprocal inhibition?

Agonist, synergist, and antagonist.

Which common movements are used to identify the agonist and antagonist muscles?

Bicep curl, push-up, and squat.

What terms describe the enlargement and the wasting away of muscle tissue?

Muscle hypertrophy (growth/enlargement) and muscle atrophy (wasting away).

Which chambers, vessels, valves, and dividing wall make up the structures of the heart?

Chambers: left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle. Major vessels: aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, vena cava. Valves: tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral, pulmonary, aortic. Dividing wall: septum.

How does blood flow differ between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation in the heart's double pump?

Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and lungs (heart $\\leftrightarrow$ lungs), whereas systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and body (heart $\\leftrightarrow$ body).

Which three types of blood vessels are compared in the circulatory system?

Arteries, veins, and capillaries.

What mechanism and structural feature in veins assist blood return to the heart?

The muscle pump effect and one-way valves in veins.

What is normal blood pressure and what instrument is used to measure it?

Normal blood pressure is $120/80\,\text{mmHg}$, measured using a sphygmomanometer.

What is the formula for cardiac output ($Q$)?

$Q = HR \times SV$ (Cardiac Output = Heart Rate $\times$ Stroke Volume).

What formula is used to calculate minute ventilation?

$\text{Minute ventilation} = \text{respiratory rate} \times \text{tidal volume}$.

What are the parts of the respiratory conducting system listed in the checklist?

Nasal cavity/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and pleura.

According to the principle of diffusion, in what direction do gases always move?

Gases always move from an area of high pressure/concentration to low.

Where does gaseous exchange occur between air and blood in the respiratory system?

At the alveoli.

What are the seven skill classifications covered in skill acquisition?

Closed skill, open skill, gross skill, fine skill, discrete skill, serial skill, and continuous skill.

What are the three stages of learning / skill acquisition?

The Cognitive, Associative, and Autonomous stages.

What two coaching approaches or styles are compared in Unit 2?

Direct coaching and Constraints coaching.

What are the three types of constraints identified in the coaching unit?

Individual constraints, task constraints, and environmental constraints.

What acronym is used for goal setting in sports psychology?

The SMARTER goal-setting acronym.

What hypothesis is used to explain arousal in sports psychology?

The Inverted-U Hypothesis.

What two broad categories of arousal regulation techniques are studied?

Arousal promotion (increasing) techniques and arousal reduction (decreasing) techniques.

In which categories can technology be used to enhance sports performance?

Fitness testing, training aids, equipment, clothing, footwear, injury prevention, and injury recovery.

What negative impacts of technology on sports performance are listed in the checklist?

Technology cost can create inequity, cause skills to deteriorate or create over-reliance, and force rule or regulation changes.

What examples illustrate how technology has enhanced spectatorship in sports?

Second-screen apps, replays, stats overlays, and wearable/broadcast data.