Vitamins required for oral soft tissues and salivary glands, chapter 11

Pyogenic

producing pus

nutritional deficiencies result in similar oral signs and symptoms

pain, erythema, atrophy of tissues, and pus

Why is nutritional deficiency seen in oral cavity

rapid turnover of oral tissues

Tongue Edematous

swelling

angular cheilosis

little crack on the corner of the mouth

glossitis

swelling of the tongue, red and shiny, devoid of papillae

What can saliva deficiency can affect

speech, eating, and swallowing

xerostomia

dry mouth

stomatitis

generalized inflammation of the mouth- tissues, vestibule, redness

B1

Thiamin

B2

Riboflavin

B3

Niacin

B5

Pantothenic Acid

B6

Pyridoxine

B7

biotin

B9

Folate/Folic Acid

B12

Cobalamin

B1 Function

important for normal functioning of the brain, nerves, muscles and heart

B1 Sources

pork, enriched grains, legumes, nuts

B1 hypo

Beriberi

Wernicke -korskoff syndrome

Beriberi

-extensive damage to the nervous and cardiovascular systems

-tachycardia and enlarged heart

Wernicke-korskoff syndrome

-associated with alcoholism

-nystagmus-involuntary rapid eye movement

-Ataxia- gait disorder with uncoordinated muscle movement

B2 Function

-important in metabolism

-production of RBC

-essential for healthy eyes, skin, and mucous membrane

-helps prevent some types of anemias

B2 Sources

-milk and milk products

-foods in the grain group

-meats

B2 Hypo

Airboflavinosis

-Angular cheilitis 

• Glossitis 

• Dermatitis 

• Anemia with pale oral mucosa 

  • Advanced cases the entire tongue may have papillary atrophy and smooth 

B3 function

coenzyme in energy production

B3 sources

-found in plant and animal foods

-meats, cereals, legumes, seeds and nuts

-indirectly from amino acid tryptophan

B3 Hyper

larger doses can function as a vasodilator (open up the blood vessels)

-producing flushing of the skin, itching, tachycardia, nausea, and vomiting and liver damage

B3 Hypo

PellagraP

Pellagra

-degeneration of the skin, Gi tract, and nervous system

symptoms 4 Ds

-dermatitis

-diarrhea

-depression/dementia

-death

Most striking characteristics

-red bilateral skin rash

• occurs in areas where corn is a major part of diet

• pellagrous glossitis

• scarlet tongue

B5 Function

metabolism of carbs, fat, and protein

B5 sources

animal foods, and whole grain cereals

B5 hypo

rare, will result in dysfunctional lipid synthesis and energy production

-burning sensation of the feet , depression, fatigue, insomnia

B6 function

-conversion of tryptophan to niacin

-coenzyme in protein metabolism

-hemoglobin synthesis

B6 sources

meat, poultry, fish, bananas, and nuts

B6 Hyper

sever ataxia ( impaired coordination and sensory neuropathy)

B6 Hypo

Rare, commonly observed with other B deficiencies

B7 Function

Metabolic homeostasis

B7 sources

egg yolks, liver, cereal

B7 hypo

-occurs by the ingestion of avidin (protein found in raw egg whites)

-oral signs: pallor of the tongue and patchy atrophy of thelingual papillae

B9 Function

-role in proper formation of the neutral tube during the first month of fetal development

-most common in the B vitamins deficiency

Folate

natural found in food

Folic acid

synthetic from supplements and fortified foods

B9 sources

liver, green leafy vegetables, fortified cereal and grain products

B9 Hyper

-prolonged excessive intake can cause kidney damage

-mask symptoms of a B12 deficiency

B9 Hypo

-mutation in the MTHFR enzyme (RNA and DNA synthesis)

-megaloblastic anemia-red large blood cells

-neutral tube defects/spine bifida- the spine and spinal cord do not close off (different degrees to it)

-glossitis

-fiery red tongue

-candida- fungal infection in the mouth, white cottage cheese looking

B12 function

-coenzymes in conjunction with folate metabolism in DNA

-formation and regeneration of RBCs

B12 sources

meat and animal products, fortified soy milk

B12 Hypo

pernicious anemia- associated with B12, autoimmune disease

—abnormal RBCs, glossitis ,GI disturbance, neurologic issue

-glossopyrosis- pain in the tongue

-vegans

Vitamin C

-optimal activity of WBC

-collagen formation

Vitamin A

maintains the integrity of epithelial tissues

Vitamin E

Plays a major role as an antioxidant to neutralize free radicals

—stops cancer cells from developing

prevents inflammation of the periodontium and promotes integrity of cell membrane of the mucosa