B1.2.6 - Chemical diversity in the R groups of amino acids as a basis for the immense diversity in protein form and function

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Last updated 8:40 PM on 10/17/26
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6 Terms

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Chemistry of R Group

  • Its chemistry (polarity, charge, size) drives how proteins fold and function


2
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Hydrophobic

  • Same as being non-polar

  • When protein folds inside away from water

  • Avoid water


3
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Hydrophilic

  • Same as being polar

  • When protein folds outside towards water

  • Likes water


4
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Charged R Groups

  • Some R-groups carry a full electrical charge ‍at physiological pH

  • Fully ionic

  • Acidic R-groups lose a proton ‍from a carboxyl group, giving them a negative ‍charge

  • Basic R-groups ‍gain a proton on an amine group, giving ‍them a positive charge


5
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Acid

  • A lot of H+


6
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Base

  • Few H+