ETHICS: Module 1: Introduction to Philosophy

Philosophy

• studies anything and everything. It aims to know some kinds of truth behind all things.

• Philos _; Sophia _.

Metaphysics
Epistemology
Logic
Aesthetics
Ethics

Major Branches of Philosophy: (M E L A E)

Metaphysics

• What’s real and what’s not

• What is there?

• It talks about reality.

Epistemology

• Knowledge production.

• knowledge and belief.

• How do you know things and how do you know that God exists?

Logic

• reasoning and argumentation.

• Rationality

Aesthetics

• Study of beauty

Ethics

• Notion of Morality

• Right thing to do.

Immanuel Kant
Objective
Beauty
Experience
Opinion

• Attempted to seek a basis for an _, universal sense of _ that does not rely on _or _.

Philosophical
Scientifical

2 kinds of question:

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

Three foundational figures of Western Philosophy: (S P A)

Socrates
Willingly
hemlock
impiety
corrupting
laws
Western

• “An unexamined life is not worth living”

• “All I know is that I know nothing”

• He died by _ drinking a poison made from _ after being sentenced to death for _ and _ the youth. He chose to accept the death penalty rather than renounce his teachings, viewing the act as a final lesson to his students and a way to honor the _.

• Father of _ philosophy.

Plato
Reason
Cave
Socrates
Plato
Glaukon
captives
cavern
Rational
Spiritual
Appetite

• Rationalist philosopher.

• _ chief source of knowledge.

• Allegory of the _.

  • _ explain to _’s brother, _, that we all resemble _ who are chained deep within a _, who do not realize that there is more reality than the shadows they see against the wall.

• Allegory of the _.

  • Three parts of the soul: (R S A)

    • Reason / _ - Charioteer

    • Faith / _ - White horse

    • Desire / _ - Black horse

Aristotle
insufficient
experience
Eudaimonia
Highest good

• Empiricist philosopher. (reason is _, it must be accompanied by _)

• Happiness (i.e., _) is the _. It is a state of activity.

• Happiness + Excellence = _

Aristotle

WHO?

• Deductive reasoning.

Plato

WHO?

• Allegory of the cave

• Allegory of the chariot (We were once in heaven and we are here because we are balancing the white and black part.)

• The Republic.

• Theory of Forms

World of Ideas
World of Forms

Allegory of the Cave:

• Inside of the Cave: _

• Outside of the Cave: _