unit 2 chemical level of organization

What are the three subatomic particles

Protons neutrons electrons

What happens if an atom gains electrons

It becomes a negative ion (anion)

What happens if an atom loses electrons

It becomes a positive ion (cation)

What does a high hydrogen ion concentration indicate

A low or acidic pH

What does a low hydrogen ion concentration indicate

A high or basic pH

What is the formula for carbohydrates

(CH2O)n

What is the functions of carbohydrates

Source of energy for cells and cellular structures (DNA and RNA)

What are the three ways to name carbohydrates

Mono, di and poly saccharides

Examples of monosaccharides

Glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose

Example of disaccharide

Glucose+ fructose = sucrose

Example of polysaccharides

Glycogen(animals), starch (plants)

Examples of lipids

Fats, oils waxes,fatty acids FA

Lipids in water

Insoluble (nonpolar)

Functions of lipids

Protect organs, build cell membranes, source of stored energy

Types of lipids

Glycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, steroids

What are Glycerides composed of

Glycerol (backbone), fatty acids (FAs)

What are the building blocks of phospholipids

Phosphate head group, glycerol backbone and 2 FAs “tails

Where is cholesterol found and used for

In cell membranes and used to synthesize steroids

What are steroids derived from

Cholesterol

What do proteins consist of

CHON and sometimes S

What is an example of proteins

Collagen

What are the functions of proteins

Structural materials, enzymes, hormones, transporters, antibodies, source of energy

What are the ways to name proteins

Amino acids, dipeptides, polypeptides, protein

What are amino acids

Basic building blocks of all proteins

What are dipeptides

Two amino acids

What are proteins in the naming of proteins

One or more polypeptides folded into its final shape

What do nucleic acids consist of

CHONP

What are the 2 forms of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids

Nucleotides

What does each nucleotide contain

PO4- (phosphate) and monosaccharide

What are adenosine trisphosphate also known as

Modified RNA nucleotide

What does ATP do

Energy stored in covalent bonds

What does ATP do

Energy stored in covalent bonds