Week 7 Pre-Lab/Lab: Lower Extremity Bones/Muscles General Knowledge

Three Large Lower Extremity Bones

Femur, Fibula, Tibia

Tibial Tuberosity

Patella

Bone type of Patella

Function of Patella

Four muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris

Patellar Ligament

Joint Type of Knee

Synovial Hinge

3 External ligaments

Patellar Ligament, Fibular Collateral Ligament, and Tibial Collateral Ligament

Mechanism of injury for Collateral Ligaments

Blow to opposite side of knee stresses ligament

Cruciate Ligaments (function and location)

2 Cruciate ligaments

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Reason Flexion and Extension are “Backwards” for Lower extremities

The leg rotates medially in childhood development

Directional Terminology for Foot

Dorsal: “top”; Plantar: “bottom”

Dorsiflexion

Flexion of the Foot toward its Dorsal Side

Plantarflexion

Flexion of the Foot toward its Plantar Side

Inversion/Supination of Foot

Medial Rotation of Plantar side of Foot

Eversion/Pronation of Foot

Lateral Rotation of Plantar side of Foot

Os Coxae

Two halves of Pelvis

Three Fused Bones of Os Coxa

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

Illium

Large, Flat, Superior Pelvic bone

Ischium

Posterior, Inferior Pelvic bone; near Greater Sciatic Notch of pelvis

Pubis

Bone that creates the pointy part of Pelvic Arch

Attachment of Pelvis to Spine

Attaches to Sacrum with Sacro-iliac Joints

Attachment of Os Coxae to each other

Attached at Pubic Symphysis, an Amphiarthrosis

Femur Neck vs Humerus Neck

In Femur, Anatomical and Surgical Neck are Combined

Posterior/Anterior Femur vs. Humerus

Condyles are on the posterior not the anterior (condyles are flexion-side)

Greater & Lesser Trochanter

Large, Distal Bumps similar to humerus tubercles

Intertrochanteric Line

Faint, raised ridge (line) between Trochanters on Anterior of Femur

Intertrochanteric Crest

Pronounced ridge between Trochanters on Posterior of Femur

Linea Aspera

Line down middle Posterior of Femur

Head of Fibula

Flattened End

Lateral Malleolus

Teardrop Shape at bottom of Fibula that Forms the outer ankle bump

Medial Malleolus

Pointed Bump hanging down on Tibia

Tibial Condyles

Two chunky flat-top pieces on end of Tibia (Distal)

Tibial Tuberosity

Raised bump on distal, anterior portion of Tibia

Anterior Crest

Line down anterior of Tibia where it comes to a “point”

Hallux

Big Toe (Digit 1)

Fascia Lata

Large sheet of Connective tissue that wraps around thigh, IT band is thickened portion

3 Compartments of leg muscle

Anterior, Lateral, and Posterior

Iliopsoas

Iliacus and Psoas Major Fuse as they pass under the inguinial ligament near their insertion