Video 2: Basic Anatomy Continued

Vocabulary flashcards covering key anatomical terms, nervous system divisions, and muscle terminology from Video 2 notes.

Superficial

Toward the surface of the body or an organ.

Deep

Away from the surface; more internal.

Cranial

Toward the head.

Rostral

Toward the nose or beak.

Caudal

Toward the tail.

Fossa

A depression or groove in a bone.

Head (bone)

Proximal portion of a bone.

Insertion

The part of a muscle that is relatively mobile during contraction.

Origin

The part of a muscle that is relatively immobile during contraction.

Joint

An articulation between bones.

Ligament

Fibrous connective tissue that connects bones and cartilage.

Muscle

Contractile tissue.

Neck

Constricted portion of a structure.

Organ

Aggregates of tissues with functional unity.

Fast twitch

Muscle fibers that contract quickly; suited for fine movements; fatigue easily.

Slow twitch

Muscle fibers that support larger movements; exert more force; slower and more endurance; include antigravity trunk muscles.

Contraction

The process of shortening a muscle to bring two points closer together.

Agonist

The muscle that performs the intended action (prime mover).

Antagonist

A muscle that opposes the intended action.

Neuron

A nerve cell that transfers information and enables communication.

Glial cells

Supportive cells that provide nutrients, maintain the blood-brain barrier, help with neurotransmitter recycling, waste removal, structural support, and memory.

Cerebral cortex neuron count

The cerebral cortex contains between 20 and 25 billion neurons.

Neuron density (per cm3)

About 44 million neurons per cubic centimeter.

Central nervous system (CNS)

The brain and spinal cord; the primary control center for processing information.

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Nerves outside the CNS; connects CNS to the body.

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Involuntary nervous system that regulates visceral functions.

Somatic nervous system

Motor control system and conscious sensory pathways; voluntary.

Sympathetic nervous system

Part of the ANS; prepares the body for excitation (fight-or-flight).

Parasympathetic nervous system

Part of the ANS; promotes rest and energy conservation after excitation.

Motor strip (primary motor cortex)

Region of the cerebral cortex that initiates voluntary movement.

Somatosensory strip

Region of the cerebral cortex that processes touch and body sensations.

Sensorimotor homunculus

A distorted human figure representing the neural map of the body's surface in the motor and somatosensory cortices.