Intro to New Testament Midterm

Covenantal Nominism

Israel is chosen by grace, keeping torah is the grateful response, not a way to earn favor

Antithesis

Mathew 5: “you have heard it said but I say to you”“is a teaching method used by Jesus to clarify and deepen the understanding of the Law. Jesus intensifies the Torah

Alexander the Great

356-323 BCE, conquered Persia(336), spread greek culture, his empire split into syria and egypt

Theophilus

“Lover of God”, the addresse of both Luke and Acts

Passover

feast commemorating the exodus, Jesus was crucified at passover. In synoptics, the last supper is a passover meal. In John jesus dies when passover lambs are slaughtered

New Covenent

Jerimiah 31:31-34 a renewed covenent with Israel and Judah, with Torah written on heart

Golden Rule

Matt 7:12 Do to others as you would have them do to you, for this is the law of the prophets”

Helllenization

spread of greek language and culture post Alexander, resisted in Maccabean revolt

Eschatology

teaching about the end of an age

Ritual Purity

Impurity comes from contact with death, birth, or bodily fluids. Its contagious and not a sin. You must be pure to approach the holy

Holy/sacred

“set apart” seperate from the common, tied to YHWH’s immortality

Profane

ordinary, everyday. Holy and pure are not moral categories

Synoptic Problem

the relationship between Mathew, Mark, and Luke. Who copied who?

Markan Priority

1. Mark is the middle term: when Mathew and Luke agree in order and wording it is with mark 2. Harder readings 3. Editoral Fatigue

Two source hypothesis

Mathew and Luke independantly used Mark plus source

Farrer hypothesis

Markan priority without Q. Luke used Mark and Mathew

Q

German quelle - source

Triple tradition

in all three gospels ex(the sower, feeding 5000)

Double tradition

Mathew plus Luke only (The Lord’s prayer, the beatitudes) mostly sayings

Intercalation

Mark’s story sandwich: one story split around another so one interprets the other

Irony

the reader knows Jesu's’s true identity while the characters don’t

Messiah

“annointed One” Jewish hopes for a Davidic king who would restore Israel

Kingdom of God

God’s coming reign that sets the world right and restores Israel, the center of Jesus’s preaching Mark 1:15

Sermon on the Mount

Mathew 5-7, summary of Jesus’s teachings

beatitude

“blessed are …” promises of an end time reversal. mathew “poor in spirit” Luke “you poor”, woes for rich

Historical Jesus criteria

embarrasment; dissimilarity; multiple attestation; contextual credibility

Parousia

“arrival/presence” : Jesus’ return. Near in Mark, delayed in Luke, Realized in John

Apology

a defense, not saying sorry. Luke-Acts works as political apology; shows christianity is not a threat to Rome

Damascus Road

paul’s vision of the risen Jesus(33 CE), told 3 times in Acts, Paul describes as god revealing his son in me

Pentecost

Acts 2: the holy spirit descends on the apostles, speak in tongues to jews from every nation, peter preaches, 3000 are baptized, starts the Church’s mission

Fall of Samaria to Assyria

722 BCE, the 10 northern tribes are scattered, which is why restoration hopes are all about israel

Babylon takes Jerusalem

586 BCE, the exile of Judah, start of diaspora

Return to Jerusalem

539 BCE, only a partial return, most stay scattered, so exile isnt really over

Second Temple rebuilt

515 BCE, start of the 2nd temple period

Maccabean revolt

167-160 BCE, Antichous defiles the temple and bans circumcision

Roman Control of palestine

63 BCE, leads to Herod, Pilate, and the world of NT

Birth of Jesus

4 BCE, before herod the greats death

Death of jesus

30 CE, crucified at passover under Pilate

Romans destroy Jerusalem and the temple

70 CE, Dating clue for gospels, Mark 68-70, Mathew and Luke in 80s, John in 90s