BI 151 (MUSCLES TO KNOW)

Human Anatomy & Physiology Muscles to Know (Origin, Insertion, Location, Action)

Frontalis (frontal belly)

• Origin: Galea aponeurotica

• Insertion: Supraorbital margin

• Action: Draws scalp anteriorly

• Location: Forehead

Occipitalis (occipital belly)

• Origin: Occipital, temporal (bone)

• Insertion: Galea aponeurotica

• Action: Draws scalp posteriorly

• Location: Back of head

Orbicularis oculi

• Origin: Medial orbit

• Insertion: Around orbit

• Action: Closes eyelids

• Location: Around the eye

Orbicularis oris

• Origin: Around mouth

• Insertion: Corners of mouth

• Action: Closes lips

• Location: Lips

Masseter

• Origin: Zygomatic bone

• Insertion: Mandible

• Action: Elevates mandible

• Location: Cheek

Temporalis

• Origin: Temporal bone

• Insertion: Mandible

• Action: Elevates/retracts mandible

• Location: Temple

Sternocleidomastoid

• Origin: Sternum/clavicle

• Insertion: Temporal bone

• Action: Flexes neck (primary mover)

• Location: Lateral neck

Trapezius

• Origin: Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae, Occipital (bone)

• Insertion: Clavicle & Scapula

• Action: Extension & lateral flexion of head/neck

• Location: Posterior neck

Pectoralis major

• Origin: Clavicle/sternum

• Insertion: Humerus

• Action: Flexes; adducts arm

• Location: Anterior trunk

Latissimus dorsi

• Origin: Thoracic vertebrae, Lumbar vertebrae, Sacrum, Ilium, Ribs

• Insertion: Humerus

• Action: Adducts & medially rotates arm; extends shoulder

• Location: Posterior trunk

Deltoid

• Origin: Clavicle, scapula

• Insertion: Humerus

• Action: Flexion/Extension/Abduction of arm

• Location: Shoulder

Supraspinatus

• Origin: Scapula

• Insertion: Humerus

• Action: Abducts arm; holds head of humerus in place

• Location: Upper back

Teres major

• Origin: Scapula

• Insertion: Humerus

• Action: Extension/Adduction of arm

• Location: Upper arm

Biceps brachii

• Origin: Scapula

• Insertion: Radius

• Action: Flexion/Supination of forearm

• Location: Anterior arm

Brachialis

• Origin: Humerus

• Insertion: Ulna

• Action: Flexes elbow

• Location: Anterior arm

Brachioradialis

• Origin: Humerus

• Insertion: Radius

• Action: Flexes elbow

• Location: Anterolateral forearm

Triceps brachii

• Origin: Scapula/Humerus

• Insertion: Ulna

• Action: Extends elbow/shoulder

• Location: Posterior arm

Pronator teres

• Origin: Humerus & ulna

• Insertion: Radius

• Action: Pronates forearm & hand

• Location: Anterior forearm

Flexor carpi radialis

• Origin: Humerus

• Insertion: Metacarpals

• Action: Flexion & Abduction of wrist

• Location: Anterior forearm

Palmaris longus

• Origin: Humerus

• Insertion: Palmar fascia

• Action: Flexes wrist

• Location: Anterior forearm

Flexor carpi ulnaris

• Origin: Humerus & ulna

• Insertion: Carpals / metacarpals

• Action: Flexes & adducts wrist

• Location: Anterior forearm

Extensor carpi radialis longus

• Origin: Humerus

• Insertion: Metacarpals

• Action: Extends& abducts wrist

• Location: Posterior forearm

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

• Origin: Humerus

• Insertion: Metacarpal

• Action: Extends & abducts wrist

• Location: Posterior forearm

Extensor digitorum

• Origin: Humerus

• Insertion: Phalanges

• Action: Extends fingers & wrist

• Location: Posterior forearm

Extensor carpi ulnaris

• Origin: Humerus & ulna

• Insertion: Metacarpal

• Action: Extends & adducts wrist

• Location: Posterior forearm

Rectus abdominis

• Origin: Pubis

• Insertion: Sternum & ribs

• Action: Flexes spine, compress abdomen

• Location: Anterior abdomen

External oblique

• Origin: Ribs

• Insertion: Coxal bone

• Action: Flex/rotate spine; compresses abdomen

• Location: Anterior abdomen

Gluteus medius

• Origin: Ilium

• Insertion: Femur

• Action: Abduct/medially rotate thigh

• Location: Buttock

Gluteus maximus

• Origin: Ilium, sacrum, coccyx

• Insertion: Femur

• Action: Extends, abducts & laterally rotates thigh

• Location: Buttock

Tensor fasciae latae

• Origin: Ilium

• Insertion: Tibia

• Action: Flexes hip; abducts thigh

• Location: Anterior thigh

Adductor longus

• Origin: Pubis

• Insertion: Femur

• Action: Adduction & lateral rotation of thigh

• Location: Medial thigh

Adductor magnus

• Origin: Pubis, ischium

• Insertion: Femur

• Action: Adducts thigh

• Location: Medial thigh

Gracilis

• Origin: Pubis

• Insertion: Tibia

• Action: Adducts thigh; flexes knee

• Location: Medial thigh

Rectus femoris (quads)

• Origin: Ilium

• Insertion: Patella, tibia

• Action: Extends knee; flexes hip

• Location: Anterior thigh

Vastus lateralis (quads)

• Origin: Femur

• Insertion: Patella

• Action: Extends leg at knee

• Location: Anterior thigh

Vastus intermedius (quads)

• Origin: Femur

• Insertion: Patella

• Action: Extends knee

• Location: Anterior thigh

Vastus medialis (quads)

• Origin: Femur

• Insertion: Patella

• Action: Extends knee

• Location: Anterior thigh

Sartorius

• Origin: Ilium

• Insertion: Tibia

• Action: Flexes hip/knee; rotates thigh laterally & leg medially

• Location: Anterior thigh

Biceps femoris (hamstrings)

• Origin: Ischium, femur

• Insertion: Fibula

• Action: Flexes knee; laterally rotates leg

• Location: Posterior thigh

Semimembranosus (hamstrings)

• Origin: Ischium

• Insertion: Tibia

• Action: Flexes knee; medially rotates leg

• Location: Posterior thigh

Semitendinosus (hamstrings)

• Origin: Ischium

• Insertion: Tibia

• Action: Flexes knee; medially rotates leg

• Location: Posterior thigh

Tibialis anterior

• Origin: Tibia

• Insertion: Tarsal & metatarsal

• Action: Dorsiflexion & inversion of foot

• Location: Anterior leg

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

• Origin: Fibula

• Insertion: Tarsal & metatarsal

• Action: Eversion & plantarflexion of foot

• Location: Lateral leg

Gastrocnemius

• Origin: Femur

• Insertion: Calcaneus

• Action: Plantar flexion of foot

• Location: Posterior leg

Extensor digitorum longus

• Origin: Tibia & fibula

• Insertion: Phalanges

• Action: Extends toes; dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

• Location: Anterior leg