LESSON 3 - NEUROSCIENCE (PART 1 CONTINUED)

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Last updated 9:45 AM on 10/8/26
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31 Terms

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LESIONING

Parts of the brain are destroyed to observe effects (for animals and Phineas Gage)

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ELECTRICAL STIMULATION

Electric current stimulates brain to observe effect

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TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (TMS)

Magnets stimulate brain to observe effect

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EEG

Electrodes monitored brain waves

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CT

Xray

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PET

Using dye to map metabolic activity

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MRI

Protons/radio frequency pulse to examine structure

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fMRI

Examining of function (in MRI machine while doing task)

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  1. CEREBRAL CORTEX


Covers the cerebrum which contains hemispheres

  • Lobes

  • Cortices


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  1. LEFT HEMISPHERE


Language dominant


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  1. RIGHT HEMISPHERE


Spatial humour dominant

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2a. CORPUS CALLOSUM

Band of fibres that allow hemispheres to communicate

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  1. FRONTAL LOBE


Complex decision making

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3a. PREFRONTAL CORTEX

Impulse control

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3b. MOTOR CORTEX

Voluntary movement

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  1. PARIETAL LOBE


Sensory input like touch and pain

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4a. SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX

Sensory information

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  1. OCCIPITAL LOBE VISUAL CORTEX


Visual processing “eyes at the back of the head”

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LARGER BODY PARTS =

More real estate (density of nerves) dedicated in the somatosensory cortex

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1a. CEREBELLUM

  • Structures that coordinates fine muscle movement, balance

  • Alcohol affects balance


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1b. MEDULLA

  • Responsible for regulating largely unconscious functions such as breathing and circulation

  • Damage = Death


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1c. PONS

  • Involved in sleep and arousal

  • Damage = Paralysis


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  1. RETICULAR FORMATION


  • Group of fibres that carry stimulation relayed to sleep and arousal through brain stem

  • Alertness/consciousness

  • Damage = Coma


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3a. CEREBRUM

  • Responsible for sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movement

  • Organized into hemispheres, cortices


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3b, d. THALAMUS

  • Relay centre for cortex; handles incoming and outgoing signals

  • Except smell


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3c, d. HYPOTHALAMUS

  • Responsible for regulating basic biological needs: hunger, thirst, temperature control/sex emergency

  • + PITUITARY GLAND


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PITUITARY GLAND

  • “Master” gland that regulates other endocrine glands


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3d. AMYGDALA

  • Part of limbic system involved in emotion and aggression

  • Processes whether stimuli are threatening


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3d. HIPPOCAMPUS

  • Part of limbic system involved in learning and memory


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CORPUS CALLOSUM

  • Bridge of fibres passing information between the two cerebral hemisphere


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SPINAL CORD

  • Responsible for transmitting information between brain and rest of body; handles simple reflexes