greek civ exam 2

sonion

aigisthus

Agamemnon’s cousin and lover of Clytemnestra planned Agamemnon’s death. EX: killed in libation bearer’s by Orestes

Anaximenes

one of the presocratics, student of anaximander, believed in the four elements EX: 585-525 BCE

Aperion

concept created by anaximander, that there is an element that isn’t discovered yet

Apollo

the sun god, brother of artemis. EX: In the Eumenides Orestes council

Arche

Material Monist Philosophers started with the premise that there is only one original element and it is arche

Drako

TBD (ask on wednesday)

ekklesia

assemblies made by solon for only free cititzen men. met at pnyx hill. EX: 594 BCE

Elektra

Orestes sister who he met at agamemnon’s grave in libation bearers, she recognizes him by his hair

Eumenides

The third part of the Oresteia, the name that Athena gave the furies after the trial against Orestes and Apollo, meaning kindly ones

Eupatridai

what oligarchs were called in Athens, meaning children of good fathers

Halteres

personalized item used in long jump, meant to give more momentum

hamartia

TBD (ask on wednesday)

Heliaia

Jury created by Solon made up of 501 jurors who were chosen morning of, could be any man, they dealt with appeals and trying judges

Hippeis

The second level of income class, under Solon’s new system, defined by 300 or greater bushels, in the army had horses

Hoplitodromos

a race down and back done in armor at athletic competitions, hoplite means shield

Kassandra

A daughter of Priam who is taken by Agamemnon after the Trojan war, she is cursed by Apollo because she rejects his advances, with foresight but no one believes her. In the Agamemnon she is killed with Agamemnon by Clytemnestra

Kronos

The father of Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, and many other Greek gods. He married his sister Rhea and for fear of his children overthrowing him he eats them all except Zeus who is switched out for rock and comes back to defeat him

Lekythos

small vessel with a big base, used for olive oil, ex: black figure long jump from 525-500 BCE

Ouranos

The god of the sky from the generation before Zeus and his family. He is the son and then lover of Gaia who is the Earth, from them are the olympian gods, he is castrated by Kronos

Pankration

a type of fighting at Greek athletic competitions where the only rule is that you cannot gouge your opponents eyes out

Parodos

Part of a Greek theatre, which is the pathway that the chorus travels on, ex: theater of Dionysis

pentakosiomedimnoi

the highest income class under Solon, income equivalent to 500 bushels of grain

pygmachia

boxing done naked at Greek athletic competitions where rope or string was used in place of gloves which hadn’t been made yet

perses

Hesiod’s brother who he addresses Works and Days to, where he tells him to work for a living as a farmer to support himself. By being a farmer he will please the gods and keep himself busy

Rhea

A titan/ god from the generation before the olympians, she is married to Kronos and is the mother of the olympians including Zeus who she kept from being eaten

Seisachtheia

the cancellation of all debts that Solon and Lykurgus both did when reorganizing their governments

skene

the backstage of a Greek theater where violence was done, so that it was not shown on stage, ex: Clytemnestra killing Agamemnon was backstage

Stadion

early form of a stadium in Greece where athletic events are held, with relatively small stands because participation is the point more than watching. Typically 200 meters in length, ex: Delphi stadion

Thales

a presocratic who believed in the four elements theory, his student Anaximander disagreed with his arche (one original element) idea

Thetes

Lowest tier of income classes under Solon, income equivalent of less than 200 bushels of grain. In the army they were ship rowers

Timokratia

Type of government where citizens are equal in some aspects but their political participation is determined by a hierarchy based on property, created by Solon, also called meritocracy

zeugitai

The third income class under Solon in Athens, made up of farmers and infantry with income equivalent 200-300 bushels