MY CECE stuff

Frank Parsons

the father of guidance and creator of trait and factor approach

Anne Roe

Psychoanalytic Career Theory, person's personality informs career choice, influenced by maslow, unmet needs become motivators, parenting affects career choices

Roe's 8 occupational fields

1. Service 2. Business contract 3. Organizations 4. Technology 5. Outdoor 6. Science 7. General culture 8. Arts/entertainment

Roe's 6 levels of occupational skill

1) Professional & managerial 1

2) Professional & managerial 2

3) semiprofessional/small business

4) skilled

5) semiskilled

6) unskilled

Roe's parenting styles

overprotective: suffocating child

avoidant: rejecting, cold

acceptant: democratic

Hoppock

Feels that to make an accurate career decision you must know your personal needs and then find an occupation that meets a high percentage of the needs

Donald Super

developed the lifespan, life-space career theory, a developmental approach to career counseling. did not match people to careers on the belief of it being a one shot event like Parsons

Life Career Rainbow

Argued that the developmental process guides career decisions; includes stages and roles

Super's Stages

Growth (5-10), Exploration (10-22), Establishment (22-40), Maintenance (40-65), Decline (65 up)

Career Maturity

an individual's readiness and capacity to make informed, age-appropriate educational and vocational choices

Super's life roles

citizen, parent, partner, leisure, work, learning, child

Ginzberg's Career Choice Theory

1. fantasy period (0-11) impulsive exploar

2. tentative period (11-17)

3. realistic period (17 plus)

Super and Ginzberg

Both theories state that the process of choosing a career does not end at early adulthood, career choice decisions are made throught the life span, career choice is reversible

Five factors that influence Career Maturity

1. adult behavior is primarily determined by social rather than biological factors

2. behavior can be a function of life stages or age at other times

3. sex differences are more powerful than age or stage differences

4. adults continually experience transitions requiring adaptation

5. identity, intimacy, and generativity are recurring themes in adulthood

John Holland

personality to workplace environment, self-directed search, career choice should be based on congruence and consistency, personality developed from genetic and environmental influences not social, riasec coding system is foundation to the strong interest inventory, succumbs to same issues as parson's 'one shot' is not the best with today's job market

RIASEC

realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional

Holland's RIASEC Model

congruence refers to degree of fit between personality and work environment, satisfaction derived from this; consistency between different job/personality types also predict career satisfaction

Strong Interest Inventory

assumes test-taker who shares similar interests with current works in certain job environments will experience satisfaction if in job where matched with other likeminded people, measures interest not ability

Albert Bandura

major influence on cognitive-behavioral approaches to career counseling, a person's beliefs in their own capabilities influenced behavior, known for his studies on modeling (bobo doll) experiment

Bandura's self-efficacy beliefs

we move toward occupations requiring abilities that we think we have (or can develop), a person's beliefs directly influence their behaviors and ultimately their outcomes (like career choices)

John Krumboltz

cognitive-behavioral approach called "Social Learning Theory of Career Counseling", influenced by bandura's self-efficacy beliefs, famous book: "Luck is no accident: making the best of happenstance in your life and career", believed that career counseling should help clients to be increasingly exposed to possibilities for "planned happenstance" to occur, requires client to be open-minded, people will choose a job if succeeded in related tasks, avoid if fail at related task

Lent, Brown, and Hackett

Social Cognitive Theory of Career Development, 3 principles: efficacy (changes can occur by exposure), outcome and expectations, and goals

Tiedman & O'Hara

Decision-Making Theory (refers to periods of anticipation of and implementation/adjustment; Anticipation stage the individual imagines himself in a given career; Implementation phases person engages in reality testing regarding his expectations concerning the occupation

Gelatt Decision Model

Created by Henry Gelatt it refers to information as "the fuel of the decision" and that information can be divided into three categories

1) predictive system: concerned with the probable alternatives, actions, and possibilities

2) value system: relative preferences regarding outcomes

3) decision system: rules and criteria for evaluating outcome

Linda Gottfredson

"circumscription, compromise and self-creation"; proposed that women often compromise their career choices; circumscription happens when children are socialized into eliminating career choices, based on sex roles

Circumscription 4 stages of development

Stage 1: Orientation to size and power (3-5), Stage 2: Orientation to sex roles (6-8, dichotomous thinking), Stage 3: Orientation to social valuation (9-13), stage 4: orientation to the internal, unique self (14 up, what jobs fit who i am)

Displaced homemaker

A person (usually female) who returns to the workforce to earn money because of a life event (partner's job loss, divorce, financial problems).

glass ceiling phenomenon

women are limited in terms of how far they can advance in the world of work

occupational sex segregation

occupations commonly thought of as female jobs usually have less pay and lower status

Men's issues in career development: Conventional expectations

Young Adulthood: ambition, competitiveness

Middle Adulthood: achievement, longer hours, higher earnings, family involvement

Late Adulthood: recognition/prestige, humor and shared values

white privilege

an uneven playing field

Meritocracy

a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement, an example of white privilege since it ignores cultural barriers to achievement

Affirmative Action

created to improve hiring rates and college acceptance for members of minority groups

Hidden Job Market

Experts say that a high percentage of jobs (over 76%) are not advertised! This runs contrary to the concept of Affirmative Action

Self-Directed Search (SDS)

measures personality, by holland

kuder Career search inventory

measures interests

Mark Savickas

-Developed "Career Construction Theory," a narrative approach.

-Believed that tests don't explain why people make certain career decisions.

-Gathers information about emerging life themes through "career style interview."

-"Career stories explain why individuals make the choices that they do and the private meaning that guides these choices."

-Focus is on "mattering": what matters to people about their careers and life stories, and why.

-Stresses the need for adaptability to constantly shifting workforce needs.

Nonmaleficence

do no harm

Beneficence

do good

Justice

be fair

fidelity

faithful

veracity

truthfulness, honesty

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996), Records must be kept safe and private (protected health information). Clients need to give signed permission for documents to be released, gives clients right to understand and control how their info is used

FERPA

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (1974), right to access educational records and amend records right to limit disclosure of info, cannot release without written consent. AKA Buckley Amendment

IDEA

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990): free appropriate public education to youth with disabilities aka least restrictive environment

Confidentiality

right to privacy, not guaranteed, core of therapeutic relationship

Privileged Communication

Legal concept that bars disclosure of confidential communications in a legal proceeding, determined by state courts and specifics differ state to state

privacy

constitutional right of individuals to be left alone and control person info

IEP

Individualized Education Plan, written legal document under IDEA that outlines special education instruction, supports, and services for public schools

Section 504

Rehabilitation Act (1973) a federal civil rights law in the united states that stops schools and other organizations from discriminating against people with disabilities.

Informed Consent

the rights of clients to be informed, allows client to make autonomous decisions

Informed Assent

an individual affirmative agreement to participate in therapy when not legally competent (so children, individuals with cognitive impairments, etc)

classical conditioning

pavlov's dogs, watson's little albert and white mice, wolpe's systematic desensitization

operant conditioning

Skinner and Thorndike; Thorndike's Law of effect, reward equals reinforcement, behavior is shaped by its consequences

Social Learning Theory

Bandura's theory, learning thru modeling, rehearsal and practice, children will emulate the observed behavior of adults

Piaget Cognitive development

combined continuous learning processes with discontinous stage-like shifts in thinking

Piaget Sensorimotor Stage of development

0-2 years old, sensory/motor coordination, learn cause and effect, object permanence

Piaget Preoperational Stage of development

2-7 years old, imitative and imaginative play, figurative, egocentric thinking

Piaget concrete operations Stage of development

7-11 years old, relational terms (bigger), rule bound, logical reasoning

Piaget formal operations Stage of development

12 plus, abstract thought, develop hypotheses, deductive reasoning (not everyone reaches this level

Schema

piaget core idea, organized mental representations that help individuals interpret events, people, and objects

Equilibrium

process of restoring balance when experiences challenge current understanding

Assimilation

fitting new information into an existing scheme

Accommodation

changing an existing scheme to fit new knowledge

Cognitive dissonance

festinger, discomfort when thoughts, beliefs, or behaviors are inconsisten

Adolescent Imaginary Audience

apart of adolescent egocentrism, where a kid believes that everyone is listening or watching them

Adolescent personal fable

a kid viewing themselves as the center of attention because they are special and unique

Crystallized intelligence

knowledge from base learning

Fable intelligence

ability to solve new problems based on logic and reason

Skinner learning theory

operant conditioning theory shows how rewards and consequences shape behavior, learner is active

Chomsky nativist theory

humans are pre-programmed with innate capacity to acquire, develop, and understand language (the language acquisition device)

Freud Psychosexual development stage oral

0-1 years old, pleasure through the mouth; fixated on dependency, naivete, smoking, overeating

Freud Psychosexual development stage anal

1-3 years old, pleasure through anus and butt fixated on stinginess, obsessive cleanliness/messiness

Freud Psychosexual development stage phallic

3-5 years old, pleasure through genitals, fixated on sexual exploitation, oedipal/electra complex

Freud Psychosexual development stage latency

6-11 years old, mastery of social skills, sexual interests become dormant, fixated on anxiety relief through defense mechanisms

Freud Psychosexual development stage genital

12 up, re-emergence of sexual impulses and capacity for desire/love, fixated on re-emergnece of complexes, impulsivity

Erikson Trust vs Mistrust

0-1 yrs, nurturing and trust in parent-child relationship

Erikson autonomy vs shame and doubt

1-3 yrs, independence and self-initiative and defiance

Erikson initiative vs guilt

3-5 yrs, ambition, responsibility, respect for others

Erikson industry vs inferiority

6-11 yrs, strive for competence, emphasis on community interaction

Erikson identity vs role confusion

12-25 yrs, search for uniqueness, personal goals, peer relationships

Erikson intimacy vs isolation

12-25 yrs, love/friendship vs independence and self-absorption

Erikson generativity vs stagnation

25-65 yrs, work productivity, enhance future generations

Erikson integrity vs despair

65 up yrs, pride and satisfaction vs meaningless and regret

Kubler-Ross stages of grief

shock/denial, anger, bargaining and guilt, hopelessness and depression, acceptance

Openess

curious and imaginative vs closed and conventional

Conscientiousness

planful and responsible vs spontaneous and risk taking

Extraversion

outgoing and energetic vs solitude and calmness

Agreeableness

trusting and compassionate vs guarded and self-achievement focused

Neuroticism

highly affected by enviornemtnal stressors vs high coping ability and less affected by environment

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development Level 1

Pre-conventional (Obedience and Punishment avoid getting in trouble, Individualism and exchange whats in it for me)

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development Level 2

Conventional (Good boy/girl gaining approval, law and order because that is the rule)

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development Level 3

Post-conventional (Social Contract- for the common good and welfare of others, universal ethical principles - respect equals end, not means)

Gilligan's Moral Development Stages

Orientation to individual survival - self focused, goal is survival, goodness as self-sacrifice - other focused, altruism, morality of nonviolence - equilibrium between individual needs and altruism, choices seek to avoid harm to self and others

Piaget's Moral development

premoral (0-4 yrs) - limited awareness of rules, moral realism (4-7 yrs) - rules are concrete and must be obeyed and enforced, rules are accepted without question, moral relativism (7 up) - understands reason behind rules, how to change rules, no absolute right or wrong, actions are judged by intention, not just by consequences

Authoritarian Parenting

submissiveness, rebellion, lower achievement

Authoritative Parenting

independence, assertiveness, responsible

Permissive parenting

self-centered, aggressive, lower achievement

Uninvolved parenting

neglect causes attachment issues or parentified child

Berry's accommodation

embracing heritage culture, embracing host culture