World Music Exam 2

Ofien Pripetchik - Composer

Mark Warshawsky

Ofien Pripetchik - language

Yiddish

Ofien Pripetchik - Form

Cyclic Form

Ofien Pripetchik - Purpose

An alphabet song, further explain what it means

Ofien Pripetchik- what are the first two cycles?

homophonic, a melody line accompanied by a harmonic line

ex. women singing: melody Violin and guitar: harmony

Ofien Pripetchik - what is the texture change to the 3rd cycle

Heterophonic, 2 or more musicians are singing or playing the same things but not the same way

ex. violin joins the singer but not in the exact way, adding stuff to underscore seriousness

Ofien Pripetchik - what type of phrasing is this?

4 measure phrasing

Ofien Pripetchik - Location

Eastern Europe

Ozwodna from Goralski Suite - Location

Southern Poland (Podhale)

Ozwodna from Goralski Suite - Features

Aggressive beginning, picks up tempo, chanting sounding at the beginning, violin, drums periodically, crazy sounding

danced by single couple, alternate between dancing couples go back and forth so both couples dance all 5 dances

Ofien Pripetchik - Features

Starts with violin and singing

singing done by lead violin player calling the tone

Ozwodna

fast polka played by 2 violinists and 1 boka player (base line drum)

first movement of a Goralski suite

Ostinato (baseline)

Short pattern that is repeated

Basso Ostinato

short pattern in the baseline

Ozwodna from Goralski Suite - has what kind of mode

Lydian Mode - form of a major scale

A major scale

half steps outside of the tonic chord, in need of resolution, top note moves up and bottom note moves down

Ozwodna from Goralski Suite - 4th degree raise

both go up and not one down it sounds old fashion

Goralski Suite

collection of dances in a mountainese district, 5 dances from podhale

Ozwodna from Goralski Suite - phrasing

5 measure phrasing - feels lopsided

Ozwodna from Goralski Suite - form

Simple version of Cyclic Form

Danubian Daichovo Horo - Location

Northern Bulgaria

Danubian Daichovo Horo - Meaning

Danubian - river 

Daichovo -  person, a guy

Horo - public dance

Danubian Daichovo Horo - contains what kind of keys

Relative Keys and Parallel Keys

Danubian Daichovo Horo - Form

AABCB + Coda

Danubian Daichovo Horo - sound like what and why

sounds limp or lopsided

because 9 8th notes long, 4 + 5 so it’s unbalanced

Danubian Daichovo Horo - features

Fast tempoed, trumpet sounding, upbeat, quick, changing of keys, beginning in D minor, ends in D major, maybe this marriage will work out

Danubian Daichovo Horo - Reasoning/Purpose

Public dance with professional dancers, for entertainment dancing is done in bright costumes and with athletic people

Pravo Horo - Location

National dance type of Bulgaria

Pravo Horo - Form

ABCBA - arch form

Pravo Horo - Key scheme

F major, G major, A minor, G major, F major

Pravo Horo - ends with what?

Ends with a half cadential extension, Half cadence

Pravo Horo - Features

Kaval (flute), at the beginning, goes very fast, goes into the accordion solo (theme B), loft up to G major (theme C) bright sounding,A minor peak of the arch FLUTE, go back to G major (theme C), F mixa (theme B), F major with half cadence (theme A)

Pravo Horo - Reasoning Purpose

Public dance with professional dancers for entertainment

Happens within a ceremony with something that follows it

Una Ramika de Ruda - Location

Bulgaria - off the coast of Bosnia and Turkey

Una Ramika de Ruda - Purpose

Conversation between a mother and a daughter after the mom goes through her daughters room and find a twig which she hasn’t heard about from her daughter

Una Ramika de Ruda - Symbolism

Sprig of Wine Rue, this is a boy giving a girl this to declare his love for her, represents a token

Una Ramika de Ruda - Setting

Bulgaria setting, Turkey Setting, Bosnia Setting

Bosnia Setting - change in character, instrumental verse “stands for mothers’ question that is diatonic scale” no odmented second daughter response as a duet

Una Ramika de Ruda - Features

1 women singing, strings, sounds like praising, peaceful, slow tempo, sway sounding

Una Ramika de Ruda - what instrument is used?

Al-Ude (lute) - plucked string instrument with a pear-shaped body, main accompanied instrument

Una Ramika de Ruda - contains a…

Odmented Second - makes music sound appealing

Phrase

smallest musical element that can be said to have grammatical meaning

Comma differentiates phrasing

Cadence ( half, authentic)

A phrase ending, forward motion coming to a halt

Half- Incomplete, not finished

Authentic - full, tonic note

Phrase quality (antecedent or consequent)

Antecedent: half cadence ending in an incomplete (unfinished)

Consequent: finishes on the tonic, complete (finished)

Musical Period

A compound musical structure of at least 2 phrases in an antecedent and consequent relationship

Strophic Form

Simple form, nothing but 1 verse that are musically identical

Cyclic Form

complex, established pattern coming back

Homophonic texture

A melodic line accompanied by a harmonic line

ex. Ofien Pripetchik 1st 2 cycles

Someone is calling the shorts and everyone else is obeying orders

Heterophonic Texture

2 or more musicians are singing or playing the same thing but not in the same way

ex. how the violin joins the singer but adds its own stuff in Ofien Pripetchik

Congregation singing it slightly different and adding their own individuality

Motive (motif)

Musical notes → Motives → Phrases

A group of notes with a distinctive shape and some amount of meaning for a larger purpose

Small collection of notes that have some degree of meaning that you can recognize it when it comes back. has a distinctive shape

like putting words into phrases, grouping of notes

Mode

The fashion or style, 6 diatonic collection: a collection of notes that can be arranged in a step wise arrangement (scale) with 5 whole and 2 half notes

Determined by half step, 1 at the bottom determines if it is major or a minor key

Mixolydian, Iodian, Lydian

Lydian Mode

Bright version of the major mode, half’s are placed differently

raised 4th - Ozwodna

Parallel Keys

2 keys that are 1 major and 1 minor that are built on the same tonic pitch (D major and D minor), start on the same note

D is fixed but 3 notes are changed

ex. Danubian Daichovo Horo

Relative Keys

2 keys, 1 major 1 minor that use the same notes but use them in 2 different ways, shifted the focus to a different part of the scale, (D major and F minor), sound different, the major is warmer and the minor is more severe, off putting, and angrier

ex. Danubian Daichovo Horo

Lopsided Balkan Rhythms

Measures are unbalanced, 9 8th notes in each measure, 4+5

ex. Danubian Daichovo

Basy

A 3-string base, putting down the foundation, stoid, baseline

Harmonic Rhythm

The seed or rate at which chords change, how many chords per measure

Ozwodna has 1 chord per measure = slow harmonic rhythm

Ofien has 2-3 chords per measure = fast harmonic rhythm

Diatonic Scale

The 7-step scale with 5 whole notes and 2 half steps, the location of the half steps give flavor

Raga

A collection of notes in India, 100’s of years of traditions regarding use

Melakarta System

The complex crazy looking chart, the 6 diatonic modes are found but there are 72 raga, richer system and fixed on the tonic

Tala

The cycle of time in the music of India

Kriti

A hem to a god or goddess, always the same and the central part of the song

ex. Sarasriruha

Sruti

The drone that is essential in the music of India both North and South

Alapana

The beginning of a Carnatic music performance where the raga is giving its exposition, it is unmeasured and has free rhythm

Veena (Vina)

A lute style string instrument with 4 melody strings and 3 drone strings creates the drone, in southern India (warm, dark, rich, beautiful, robust)

Mridangam

Robust double headed barellel shaped drum

Veena = Mridangam

Carnatic Music

Classical and sacred at the same time, centered around a God, referent mood from southern India

Sitar

In the lute family, newer, pear-shaped body, improved on the veena, flashier, lighter, more complex, 4-6 strings, use of resonance (vibrating) CAN NOT PRODUCE DRONE SOUND

Tambura

lute style, played vertically, doesn’t actually play strings, gently strokes producing the drone bc Setar can’t

Tabla

A pair of drums that look like the bongos, it is small and sit in a flexible nest, goes with the seatr because Mridanagam would overwhelm the guitar

Tabla = setar

Hindustani (Rajasthani) music

Music from northern India, sounds fruitful

Monism

Description of basic worldview of India reflected in music, looking at the world as a cooperating whole not in parts Doesn’t categorize everything, recognizes connections between people, Indian’s aren’t dualistic thinkers

Indo-European language group

Explains the relatedness between western and Indian music and language and how language instruments are similar

The mela Karta distance between 1st and 5th has to be a perfect 5th

share cognates with others

Una Ramika - Language

Ju Desmo

Sarasiruha - Location

India

Sarasiruha - Form

Through Composed