Midterm United States History

Maize

What crop introduced to N. America around 4,000 years ago revolutionized the diet, culture, and society of indigenous populations across the region?

Accumulate wealth, gain power against rivals, spread Christianity

What are two of the three main objectives for expansion to the “New World”?

Portugal

Which European power took the lead in maritime trade and exploration?

Columbian Exchange

What is the term coined by Alfred Crosby to describe the movement of American plants, animals, and germs to the rest of the world and vice versa?

Creation myths or origin stories

While these are unique to each culture, they typically recounted the process of migration, provided reminders and instructions for ways of life, and tried to development an understanding of power and connection

Sugar

What cash crop did the Portuguese grow in Brazil which led to the building of plantations and an increase in the need for slave labor?

The Reformation

What event in Europe led to religious dissenters coming to the New World, European powers colonizing to expand their religious reach, an increased emphasis on literacy, and helped to further develop principles of self government?

Dutch West India Company (WIC)

Which trading company operated around the Atlantic, West Africa, Caribbean, Brazil, and North America and aimed to dominate the slave trade and shipped goods?

FALSE; the Jesuits lived among indigenous populations and the Spanish set up missions

The Jesuits set up missions to enclose indigenous populations and force conversion to Catholicism while Spanish missionaries lived among indigenous populations while working to convert them to Catholicism

Commercial

Which stage of capitalism, in which wealth is generated through trade, commerce, and exchange with large trading companies and subsidiary businesses like banks and insurance, impacted the governing of the colonies?

True

The French had an Absolute Monarchy and the British had a Constitutional Monarchy

Absolute Monarchy

political theory that all power should be vested in one ruler

Constitutional Monarchy

political theory where government is based on a written charter defining a power-sharing arrangement between a monarch and representative bodies or parliaments

Tobacco

What crop, planted by John Rolfe in Jamestown saved the colony?

The Puritans

What group helped colonize New England and had the vision of creating a “City on a Hill”?

religion, social status, ergotism, war trauma

While we do not know the exact reasons why the Salem Witch Trials broke out, what are two of the reasons we discussed class?

Oral Storytelling or Oral Traditions

Without a system of writing, Native Americans used what method to keep their history and pass down traditions

practical, religious, political, plain language, non-Fiction, English traditions

What are two characteristics of Colonial Literature?

Puritans

Which group of colonists wrote more than any other settlers?

John Smith

Which Colonial era author was known for writing about his travel experiences and encouraged people to move to the colonies?

The Captivity Narrative

A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and The Redeemed Captive Returning to Zion are both examples of what genre of literature in the Colonial era?

Revivals

During the Great Awakening, large church services were held to re-energize believers and bring in new members, what were they called?

Itinerant preachers or itinerant preaching

What is the term used to describe Christian evangelist preachers who traveled around to different groups and who usually had little formal training?

The Great Awakening

What is the name of the period of religious revival that swept through the colonies in the 1730s-1740s?

Educate them or teach them to read

While evangelists did not encourage abolition, they did criticize slaveowners who did not do what for their slaves?

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

This sermon was delivered by Jonathan Edwards and considered the most recognizable sermon given during the Great Awakening

African Diaspora

What is the term used to describe the global dispersal, mostly through the Atlantic slave trade, of African people?

The Middle Passage

What is the name of the Atlantic crossing made by captives taken from Africa to the Americas and known for its horrific conditions?

Indentured servants or indentured servitude

Labor in the colonies shifted to slavery and away from what system due to high turnover rates, higher European wages, and decreasing slave prices?

They were often forced into slavery as domestic servants or sent to the Caribbean or Europe

Indigenous people were not OR were forced into slavery.

Rice

Slaves brought to the Southern colonies worked on plantations usually growing a single crop. Those skilled in the growing of this crop were usually sent to the Carolinas and great effected the development of agriculture in those regions.

Proclamation of 1763

What is the name of the policy implemented by the British to keep colonists from the land newly acquired in the West after the French and Indian War?

To recover the money spent during the French and Indian War and because their empire had become so large it needed more revenue to police

Why did the British levy new taxes on the colonies?

Elite

legislative; Virginia Resolves and Stamp Act Congress

Merchants

economic resistance; nonimportation or sale of English goods

Common People

popular protests; riots in Boston and New York

Tea Tax

Once the Townshend Acts were repealed, Parliament left one aspect still in place, what was it?

Guerilla warfare, war of attrition, foreign alliances

The Continental Army was outgunned, outmanned, outnumbered, and outplanned, what were the two of the main strategies they used to secure victory?

Homespun Movement

What movement became a visual representation of political beliefs and resistance and a rejection of British luxury?

East India Company

The British wanted the colonists to buy their tea from where

Tavern or Ordinary

What was another name for a public house where people gathered for communal dining, lodgings, and the sharing of information?

Common Sense by Thomas Paine

Published in 1776, this document was read widely through the colonies and was the first work to openly ask for independence from Great Britain

His wife was Peggy Shippen who was Edward Shippen’s granddaughter

What is Benedict Arnold’s relationship to Shippensburg?