unit 6 vocab- cities and urban land-use patterns and processes

rapid urbanization

rapid urbanization leads to rising house prices, making it hard for low/mid income families to purchase a home

environmental injustice

concept that all environmental laws/regulations should apply to all areas, regardless of all racial/ethnic composition of a location

new urbanism

movement in urban planning intending to reduce sprawl, increase affordable housing, and create vibrant livable neighborhoods

redlining

banks refuse loans to ppl who want to buy/improve properties in certain urban areas

de facto segregation

ppl segregated into certain areas by fact not law/policy

greenbelts

areas of underdeveloped land around urban areas

slow growth cities

urban planners decrease growth of city horizontally

urbanization

the process of developing towns and cities

exurb

prosperous residential districts beyond suburbs connected to counterflow of urban residents leaving cities

boomburb

rapidly growing suburban cities with population> 100,000 people

world city

cities w influence beyond their national boundaries- media hubs/financial centers

transportation-oriented development

mixed-use residential and commercial area designed to maximize access to public transport

infrastructure

basic structure of stuff needed to support industrial, agriculture, and other economic development

blockbusting

ppl from ethnic group frightened into selling their homes at low prices out of fear of another ethnic group

zone of abandonment

areas deserted in a city for economic/environmental reasons

gentrification

old, inner-city housing is purchased at low prices and renovated by investors/new residents w higher incomes

disamenity zones

poorest parts of cities are not connected to city services and are under control of drug ppl and gangs

land tenure

relationship ppl hold with respect to land and related resources

urban sustainability

ability of city/urban area to meet needs of present w/o compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

geographic fragmentation of government

expansion of urban area each with its own local govt with responsibility to provide local services

remediation

action of remedying something, in particular of reversing/stopping environmental damage

farmland protection policy

policies enacted by govt that protect farmland and prevent it from being sold into other use

ecological footprint

impact of a person/community on the environment, expressed as amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources

redevelopment

renovating a site w/in a city by removing the existing landscape and rebuilding from the ground up

megacities

large urban settlement w a large population >10 mill people

metacities

pop> 20 mill people

periphery countries

least developed country

semi periphery countries

mid income countries, emerging economy, provides core country with goods

core countries

economically advantaged countries

suburbanization

process of ppl moving from cities to residential areas on outskirts

urban sprawl

rapid spread of development outwards from the inner city

urban decentralization

tendency of ppl/businesses and industry to locate outside the control city

edge city

nodes of economic activity that have developed in the periphery of large cities

urban hierarchy

ranking of settlements small to large

rank-size rule

second largest city in country is roughly half of 1st largest

primate city

2nd largest city is WAY smaller population than 1st largest

gravity model

optimal location of a service is related to the number of people in an area and inversely related to the dist ppl must travel to access

bid rent theory

price/demand for real estate change as dis from CBD increases

infilling

population density in an urban center is increased by building on waste land or underused land

sustainable design initiatives

community uses smart tactics to create neighborhoods that are economically thriving and environmentally responsible

sustainable design zoning

efforts to reduce segregated areas by land use to stop/reduce urban sprawl

mixed land use

areas that combine residential and commercial development

smart growth policies

legislation/regulations limiting suburban growth and preserve farmland

squatter settlement

residential area developed w/o legal claims to the land/permission from authorities/landowners

inclusionary zone

specifies inclusion w/in a development, % of homes must be affordable for low-income families

urban renewal

cities remove residents from low income areas and rebuild area to attract higher income residents

functional fragmentation of govt

\# of govt units in given area and how power is diffused among them

brownfields

property which has the presence/potential to the hazardous waste, pollutant, or contaminant

urban growth boundary

boundaries placed around city- limits suburban growth within the city