ADSC 2010 QUIZ 2 and EXAM 2

What is necessary to animal stewardship

That animals be maintained near a constant state of health as possible

Appropriate stewardship includes

disease prevention and treatment

Disease

Any state other than a state of complete health

In a state of disease

Normal function of the body or some parts are changed/disturbed

Clinical sign

What an animal exhibits that is different from normal function

Clinical Signs include

Fever, Weight loss, Edema, Reduced performance

Lesion

Changes in body organs; size,color,shape

Lesions include

Tumors and abscesses

Pathology

Study of the essential nature of diseases

Etiology

Cause of disease or the study of causes of disease

Resistance

An animal’s natural defense system against disease

Some pathogens are

So destructive that the body does not have any natural defense against them

Disease is typically caused by

a combo of predisposing causes and direct causes

Predisposing factors

Stress factors that make the animal more susceptible to disease

Stress factors

Nutritional, Genetic, Environmental, and Conformation of the animal

Categories of infectious disease

Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Parasites, Fungi, Prions

Four requirements for infectious diseases

Must be able to gain entry into body, adapt to the host & multiply, must be able to exit host, and must be able to infect another host

Pathogenicity and Virulence

Terms to describe the ability of an organism to cause disease

A disease is termed contagious if

It is transmitted readily from animal to animal

Vector

A living agent or organism that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another organism (mosquitos, tick, flea)

Diagnosis

The process of determining the nature and severity of a disease

Purpose of Diagnosis

to identify the cause of clinical signs that animal is showing so treatment can be devised

Diagnostic Procedure

History of sick/dead animal or herd mates | Clinical Examination | Palpation of body | Rectal Palpation | Collection of Specimen| Necropsy

Necropsy

A full diagnostic examination of a dead animal

Palpation

Physical examination with use of hands to touch and feel to assess size, consistency, etc.

Specimen to use for diagnosis

Feces, Skin, Blood, Urine, Semen or other bodily fluids

Clinical

When clinical signs of a disease are present

Subclinical diseases

Don’t have readily observable clinical signs (MOST DANGEROUS)

Acute Diseases

Sudden onset of clinical signs and a short duration of illness

Chronic Diseases

Symptoms that develop slowly over a gradual period of time

What defines a non-infectious disease

A disease that does not involve microorganisms

Main causes of non-infectious diseases

Mechanical, Digestive, Toxins, Nutritional, Abnormal Growths

Mechanical Example

Wounds

Digestive examples

Bloat and Acidosis

Toxin examples

Chemicals, plants

Nutritional examples

vitamin and mineral issues

Abnormal growths can be

Cancers

Zoonotic disease

Disease that can be passed between animals and humans

What percentage of infectious diseases in humans are spread by animals

60%

Epidemiology

The study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in a population

What defines population

Location, Breed, and Use

What is the iceberg concept