Spanish art exam 1 module 1

Title: Trilingual Psalter.

Creator: Multilingual scribes (Greek, Latin, Arabic)

Date: Pre-1153, Palermo, Sicily

why its important: Demonstrates the official trilingual administration and multicultural synthesis of Norman Palermo, where Greek, Latin, and Arabic coexisted

Title: Royal mantle of Roger II.

created by: Muslim craftspersons.

date: 1133–1134 CE (A.H. 528), Palermo

why it matters: Shows a Christian Norman king utilizing Islamic court workshops (tiraz) and Arabic inscriptions to project imperial majesty and cross-cultural power

Title: Christ Pantokrator with Inscriptions in latin and greek

creator: Byzantine craftspersons.

date: Ca. 1140, Palatine Chapel, Palermo

why it matters: Highlights the integration of Byzantine monumentality and iconographic motifs with Latin and Greek inscriptions in Norman royal patronage

title: Muqarnas Ceiling

creator: Muslim craftspersons

date: Ca. 1140,

why: Features an Islamic stalactite (muqarnas) carved wooden ceiling inside a Christian royal chapel, reflecting deep architectural syncretism.

title: Pillow Cover of Leonor of Castile

creator:Muslim craftspersons

date: 'Before 1214, Spain

why:Illustrates how high-status Islamic luxury textiles (silk and gold thread) were prized and utilized for Christian royal burials and attire

details:Silk and gold thread. 19'/4 x 28in. (49 x 71 cm)

title: Pamplona Casket

creator:Muslim craftspersons

date: Caliphal period, 1004/5. (dated A.H. 395)

why:An example of elite Islamic carved ivory from the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba, later preserved in Christian church treasuries.

title: Seated figure

creator:Ile-Ife (Nigerian) craftspersons

date: 'late 13th/14th century.

why: demonstrates advanced West African lost-wax copper casting and refined naturalistic royal portrait sculpture

title: Consecration of the Temple

creator: Dura-Europos

date: 'Fresco. Ca. 250 CE.

why: Provides rare, early archaeological evidence of narrative figural Biblical wall paintings inside an ancient synagogue

title: St. James at Compostela

date: 'Begun 1075. under (Alfonso VI)

why:A quintessential Romanesque pilgrimage cathedral designed with an ambulatory and radiating chapels to handle large crowds

title: Floorplan of St. James at Compostela

date: ''Begun 1075. under (Alfonso VI)

title: Singers Performing

creator:Scribes and illuminators working under Alfonso X

date: 'Ca. 1280, Castile, Spain

why:illustration for the Cantigas de Santa Maria

title: Cantigas #169

creator:Scribes and illuminators working under Alfonso X.

date: 'Ca. 1280.

why:Illustrates narrative Marian miracle stories and daily interfaith interaction in 13th-century Iberian society

title: Cantigas #34

creator:Scribes and illuminators working under Alfonso X.

date: 'Ca. 1280.

why:Illustrates narrative Marian miracle stories and daily interfaith interaction in 13th-century Iberian society

title: Mezquita Bab-alMardum, or Mosque of Cristo de la Luz / Santa Cruz.

creator:Islamic builders; later Christian adaptors

date: 'Built in 999. Toledo.

Converted to Catholic Church shortly after 1085.

title: Mezquita Bab-alMardum, or Mosque of Cristo de la Luz / Santa Cruz.

with an added: An apse was added ca. 1180 to make it more closely resemble other Christian churches.

title: Samuel Halevi Abulafia synagogue (converted into the Church of El Transito de Nuestra Señora in 1492)

date: 'c. 1357, Toledo, Spain

why:Highlights Mudéjar Jewish design, incorporating Hebrew psalm inscriptions, Arabic calligraphy, and Nasrid-style stucco carving

title: The prayer hall of Samuel Halevi Abulafia synagogue.

date: '1357.

title: Illustration of a Seder Dinner.

creator:Hebrew scribes with Christian illuminators.

date: 'Sarajevo Haggadah. Ca. 1350

why:Exemplifies interfaith manuscript production, combining Hebrew liturgical texts with contemporary Gothic-style illuminated miniatures.