Anatomy Unit 2- Test Review: Cells and Tissues

What is #1

Cell Membrane drawing

What is #2

Ribosome drawing

What is #3

Mitochondria Drawing

What is #4

Rough ER drawing

What is #5

Chromatin drawing

What is #6

Nucleolus drawing

What is #7

Cytoplasm drawing

What is #8

Nuclear membrane drawing

What is #9

Smooth ER drawing

What is #10

Golgi body drawing

What is #11

Lyssosome drawing

Cell membrane

Allows some things into the cell but not others (selectively permeable)

Cytosol/Cytoplasm

Jelly like liquid inside cell, center of metabolic activities, distributes materials in cells

Cilia

Helps cell interact with the outside environment (movement)

Centrosome

Helps with cell replication (mitosis)

Centrioles

Produces spindle fibers during mitosis

Cytoskeleton

Allows for structure

Ribosomes

Small RNA containing particles that synthesize proteins

Mitochondria

Location of ATP production for cellular energy. (Cellular respiration)

Nucleus

Genetic activity center, contains DNA, contains chromatin and nucleolus

Nucleolus

Dense body in the nucleus that produces ribosomes

Nuclear membrane

Separates nuclear contents from cytoplasm, controls what gets in and out of nucleus

Nucleoplasm

Cytoplasm inside the nucleus

Chromatin

Loosely coiled fibers containing DNA and protein within the nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough and Smooth)

Site for protein synthesis, can be absent of ribosomes

Golgi Body

Structure responsible for packaging and exporting proteins

Lysosome

Membranous sac that contains digestive enzymes, breaks down large waste molecule (intra-cellular digestion)

Vesicles

Membranous sac formed by pinching off pieces of the plasma membrane. Moves materials too large to pass through the membrane on their own

Where is DNA found in the cell?

In the nucleus

What is the difference between Chromatin and Chromosomes?

Chromatin is loose uncoiled form of DNA proteins in a cell during normal activities, Chromosomes are the same just tightly packed into a compact structure for cell division

What is A

Extracellular

What is B

Intracellular

What is 1

Phospholipid bilayer

What is 3

Hydrophilic head (Phos head)

What is 2

Hydrophobic tail (Fatty acid)

Hydrophobic

Afraid of water

Hydrophilic

Water loving

What part of the cell is composed of the phospholipid bilayer

The cell membrane

Hypertonic solution

More solute outside the cell, cell shrinks

Hypotonic solution

More solute inside the cell, cell grows

Isotonic solution

Same amount of solute inside and outside of cell, cell stays the same

Longest human cell

Sciatic nerve

Biggest diameter

Fertilized ovum

Longest life

Stem cells, immune, neurons, oocytes

Shortest life

Epithelial skin cells, gastric epithelial cells, sperm cells

Passive transport def

Movement of molecules form high concentration to low concentration across cell membrane without help.

Passive transport examples

Simple and facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Simple diffusion

Passive transport. Small molecules move directly through phospholipid bilayer. Fats, oxygen, CO2

Facilitated diffusion

Passive transport. Molecules move through membrane proteins from high to low concentration. Glucose enters through a transport protein

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Water enters or leaves a cell

Active transport def

Movement of substances across membrane using ATP (energy) against concentration gradient, Low to High

Active transport examples

Solute pumping, bulk transport, endocytosis, exocytosis

Solute pumping

Active transport. Moves substances through membrane against concentration gradient, Low to High concentration. Sodium Potassium pump.

Bulk transport

Active transport. Large substances enter or exit cell through cell membrane. Endo/Exo cytosis

Endocytosis

Enters the cell, white blood cells (fighting a bacteria), iron, phagocytosis

Exocytosis

Exists the cell, mucuous and hormones

Epithelial tissue structure and function

Tightly packed together in sheets/layers. Protection, absorption, secretion, excretion

Epithelial tissue example

Inside mouth and cheek, lining hollow organs

Connective tissue structure and function

Mostly extracellular fibers and minerals. Provides support, coordinates activities between muscles and bones. Movement

Connective tissue examples

Blood, cartilage, fat tissue (adi pose), bones

Muscle tissue structure and function

Long stringy cells, multi nucleated, that are capable of shortening/contracting. Movement of bones, internal organs, blood, some glands

Muscle tissue examples

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

Nervous tissue structure and function

Made of many different cells with irregular shapes. Receives and transmits electrical signals for communication and control. Communication, coordination, regulation of activities and function

Nervous tissue examples

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, receptors, supporting cells

What is this

Epithelial tissue/cells

What is this

Muscle tissue/cells

What is this

Sperm cells

What is this

Red blood cells