Intro to Computer Science II - Midterm

escape sequence

characters used to represent certain special characters in a String (when printed)

\t

tab character

\n

new line character

\"

quotation character

\

backslash character

operators

+, -, *, /, %

precedence

order of operations

string concatenation

using + to combine strings

nested loop

loop placed inside another loop

type cast

a conversion from one type to another

class

program entity that either represents a program module or type of objects

object

entity that combines data and behavior

prompt

message telling user what input to type

fencepost loop

add a statement outside of loop to place initial post

do/while loop

performs its test at the end of each repetition

file processing syntax - to read file

Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("file name"));

exception for file processing at the start of the method

throws FileNotFoundException

line based scanner to scan entire line in a file

nextLine();

returns true if there are any more lines of input to read in a file

hasNextLine();

array

object that stores many values of same type

element

one value in an array

index

0 based integer to access an element from an array

syntax of a new array

type [] name = new type[length];

legal indexes of an array

between 0 and array's length -1

arrays are passed by parameters by

reference

private variable

not accessible outside of class

public variable

accessible outside of class

class members

can be methods or variables

default constructor

constructor without parameters

shallow copying

2 or more reference variables of same type point to same object

deep copying

each reference variable refers to its own object

is-a-relationship

hierarchical connection where one category can be treated as a specialized version of another

inheritance hierarchy

set of classes connected by is-a-relationships that can share same code

inheritance

way to form new classes based on existing classes, taking on their attributes and behaviors

superclass

parent class being extended

subclass

child class that extends the superclass and inherits its behavior

override

write a new version of a method in a subclass that replaces superclass's version

polymorphism

ability for same code to be used with different types of objects and behave differently with each

how many steps are in OOD simplified methodology

5