IELTS Topic Vocabulary: Inventions, Manufacturing, Business, Science & Academic Word Families

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering IELTS-level terminology across Inventions, Manufacturing, Business, Science, Academic Descriptors, High-Band Collocations, In-Context Structures, and Word Families.

inventor

A person who creates new inventions; Vietnamese meaning: nhà phát minh (IELTS Band 6.0).

invention

A new device, method, or process created from study and experimentation; Vietnamese meaning: sự phát minh (IELTS Band 6.0). Collocation: develop an invention (phát triển một phát minh).

innovative (adj)

Featuring new methods or original and creative ideas; Vietnamese meaning: mang tính đổi mới (IELTS Band 7.0). Collocation: innovative design (thiết kế sáng tạo).

novelty (n)

The quality of being new, original, or unusual; Vietnamese meaning: điều mới lạ (IELTS Band 7.0).

patent (n/v)

A government authority or licence conferring a sole right to make, use, or sell an invention; to obtain or grant such a licence; Vietnamese meaning: bằng sáng chế / cấp bằng sáng chế (IELTS Band 7.0).

patent application

A formal request for the grant of a patent; Vietnamese meaning: đơn đăng ký bằng sáng chế (IELTS Band 7.5). Collocation: submit a patent application (nộp đơn đăng ký bằng sáng chế).

miniature (adj)

Representing or being on an extremely small scale; Vietnamese meaning: có kích thước cực nhỏ (IELTS Band 7.0).

transform (v)

To change completely in form, appearance, or character; Vietnamese meaning: thay đổi hoàn toàn (IELTS Band 6.5). Collocation: transform an industry (thay đổi một ngành công nghiệp).

breakthrough (n)

A major, dramatic, and important development or achievement; Vietnamese meaning: bước đột phá (IELTS Band 7.5). Collocation: make a technological breakthrough (tạo ra bước đột phá công nghệ).

rival (adj/n)

A person or thing competing with another for the same objective; competing; Vietnamese meaning: cạnh tranh / đối thủ (IELTS Band 6.5).

modification (n)

The action of modifying something, or the resulting change or adjustment; Vietnamese meaning: sự điều chỉnh (IELTS Band 7.0).

mass production

The manufacture of goods in large quantities, often using assembly lines; Vietnamese meaning: sản xuất hàng loạt (IELTS Band 7.0). Collocation: mass-produce goods (sản xuất hàng hóa hàng loạt).

manufacturer

A person or company that makes goods for sale; Vietnamese meaning: nhà sản xuất (IELTS Band 6.5).

manufacturing process

The sequence of operations involved in producing goods; Vietnamese meaning: quy trình sản xuất (IELTS Band 7.0).

precision (n)

The quality, condition, or fact of being exact and accurate; Vietnamese meaning: độ chính xác cao (IELTS Band 7.5). Collocation: precision manufacturing (sản xuất chính xác).

reliability (n)

The quality of being trustworthy or of performing consistently well; Vietnamese meaning: độ đáng tin cậy (IELTS Band 7.0). Collocation: ensure product reliability (đảm bảo độ tin cậy của sản phẩm).

inexpensive (adj)

Not costing a great deal of money; affordable; Vietnamese meaning: không đắt, giá phải chăng (IELTS Band 6.5).

imitation (n)

A thing produced as a copy of the real thing; Vietnamese meaning: sản phẩm bắt chước, hàng nhái (IELTS Band 7.0).

fraction (n)

A small or tiny part, amount, or proportion of something; Vietnamese meaning: một phần nhỏ (IELTS Band 6.5).

accurate (adj)

Correct in all details; exact; Vietnamese meaning: chính xác (IELTS Band 6.0).

economies of scale

Proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production; Vietnamese meaning: lợi thế kinh tế nhờ quy mô (Band 7+ collocation).

reduce production costs

To lower the expenses associated with manufacturing goods; Vietnamese meaning: giảm chi phí sản xuất (Band 7+ collocation).

demand (n)

The desire of purchasers, consumers, or clients for a particular commodity or service; Vietnamese meaning: nhu cầu (IELTS Band 6.0). Collocation: meet consumer demand (đáp ứng nhu cầu người tiêu dùng).

revenue (n)

Income, especially of a company or organization; Vietnamese meaning: doanh thu (IELTS Band 7.0). Collocation: generate revenue (tạo ra doanh thu).

investment (n)

The action or process of investing money for profit or material result; Vietnamese meaning: khoản đầu tư (IELTS Band 6.5).

recover an investment

To recoup or earn back the capital invested in a business or project; Vietnamese meaning: thu hồi vốn đầu tư (IELTS Band 7.5).

competitive advantage

A condition or circumstance that puts a company in a favorable or superior business position; Vietnamese meaning: lợi thế cạnh tranh. Collocation: gain a competitive advantage (đạt được lợi thế cạnh tranh).

launch (v/n)

To set in motion or introduce a new product to the market; an act of doing so; Vietnamese meaning: ra mắt sản phẩm (IELTS Band 6.5). Collocation: launch a new product (ra mắt sản phẩm mới).

dominate the market

To have a commanding influence on or the largest share of a particular market; Vietnamese meaning: thống lĩnh thị trường.

face fierce competition

To encounter intense rivalry or competitive pressure from other businesses; Vietnamese meaning: đối mặt với sự cạnh tranh khốc liệt.

dispute (n)

A disagreement, argument, or debate between parties; Vietnamese meaning: tranh chấp (IELTS Band 7.0).

legal action

Legal proceedings instituted by one party against another in a court; Vietnamese meaning: hành động pháp lý (IELTS Band 7.5). Collocation: take legal action (tiến hành hành động pháp lý).

viscous (adj)

Having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid; high viscosity; Vietnamese meaning: có độ nhớt cao, đặc (IELTS Band 8.0).

reservoir (n)

A supply or source of something, especially a receptacle or chamber for holding fluid; Vietnamese meaning: bình chứa, khoang chứa (IELTS Band 7.5).

rotate (v)

To move or cause to move in a circle around an axis or center; Vietnamese meaning: xoay, quay (IELTS Band 6.5).

deposit (v)

To place, put down, or leave behind a layer of a substance; Vietnamese meaning: đặt, để lại, lắng đọng (IELTS Band 7.0).

miniature steel ball

An extremely small spherical ball made of steel, such as that in a ballpoint pen tip; Vietnamese meaning: viên bi thép siêu nhỏ (IELTS Band 7.5).

transparent (adj)

Allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen; Vietnamese meaning: trong suốt (IELTS Band 6.5).

cartridge (n)

A container holding a quantity of material, such as ink, designed for insertion into a mechanism; Vietnamese meaning: ống mực thay thế (IELTS Band 7.0).

smudge (v/n)

To blur or smear a mark or substance, or a blurred mark made by rubbing; Vietnamese meaning: làm nhòe / vết nhòe (IELTS Band 7.0).

remarkably (adv)

In a way that is worthy of attention or striking; surprisingly; Vietnamese meaning: đáng chú ý, đáng kinh ngạc (IELTS Band 7.0).

dramatically (adv)

By a strikingly large amount or in a dramatic manner; Vietnamese meaning: mạnh mẽ, đáng kể (IELTS Band 7.0).

comparatively (adv)

To a moderate degree as compared to something else; relatively; Vietnamese meaning: tương đối, khi so sánh (IELTS Band 7.0).

reluctant (adj)

Unwilling and hesitant; disinclined; Vietnamese meaning: miễn cưỡng, không sẵn lòng (IELTS Band 7.0).

obstacle (n)

A thing that blocks one's way or prevents or hinders progress; Vietnamese meaning: trở ngại (IELTS Band 7.0).

considerably (adv)

By a notably large amount or to a significant extent; Vietnamese meaning: đáng kể (IELTS Band 7.0).

widespread (adj)

Found or distributed over a large area or number of people; Vietnamese meaning: phổ biến rộng rãi (IELTS Band 7.0).

technological advancement

Progress and innovation in technical capabilities and science; Vietnamese meaning: tiến bộ công nghệ (Top 20 IELTS collocation).

commercial success

Achieving profitability and broad sales in the marketplace; Vietnamese meaning: thành công về mặt thương mại (Top 20 IELTS collocation).

generate substantial revenue

To produce a large and significant amount of income; Vietnamese meaning: tạo ra doanh thu đáng kể (Top 20 IELTS collocation).

gain widespread acceptance

To become widely approved, adopted, or welcomed by the public; Vietnamese meaning: được chấp nhận rộng rãi (Top 20 IELTS collocation).

revolutionise an industry

To radically change or transform the operations and products of an industry; Vietnamese meaning: cách mạng hóa một ngành (Top 20 IELTS collocation).

have a profound impact on

To exert a very deep, far-reaching, or powerful effect on someone or something; Vietnamese meaning: có ảnh hưởng sâu sắc đến (Top 20 IELTS collocation).

replace traditional methods

To substitute modern techniques in place of conventional practices; Vietnamese meaning: thay thế các phương pháp truyền thống (Top 20 IELTS collocation).

contribute to economic growth

To aid or support the financial expansion and prosperity of an economy; Vietnamese meaning: đóng góp vào tăng trưởng kinh tế (Top 20 IELTS collocation).

Transform (context & structure)

Meaning: thay đổi hoàn toàn (to change completely). Structure: transform something into something. Context sentence: 'Bich was about to transform the pen business.' Example: 'Technological advancements have transformed the way people communicate.'

Reluctant (context & structure)

Meaning: miễn cưỡng, không muốn làm điều gì. Structure: be reluctant to do something. Context sentence: 'Many consumers were still reluctant to accept the new invention.' Example: 'Some people are reluctant to adopt new technologies.'

Precision (context & collocations)

Meaning: độ chính xác cao. Collocations: precision engineering, precision instruments. Context sentence: 'Precision watchmaking tools.' Example: 'Precision engineering plays a crucial role in modern manufacturing.'

Revenue (context & usage)

Meaning: doanh thu (note: not completely synonymous with profit/lợi nhuận). Collocation: generate/earn revenue. Context sentence: 'Most of the revenue from his invention went to manufacturers.' Example: 'Large technology companies generate substantial revenue from their products.'

Widespread acceptance (context & usage)

Components: widespread (phổ biến, rộng khắp) + acceptance (sự chấp nhận). Example: 'Electric vehicles have gained widespread acceptance in many countries.'

Word family: innovation

Noun: innovation | Verb: innovate | Adjective: innovative | Adverb: innovatively.

Word family: reliability

Noun: reliability | Verb: rely | Adjective: reliable | Adverb: reliably.

Word family: precision

Noun: precision | Adjective: precise | Adverb: precisely.

Word family: competition

Noun: competition | Verb: compete | Adjective: competitive | Adverb: competitively.

Word family: manufacture

Noun: manufacture | Verb: manufacture | Adjective: manufactured.

Word family: invention

Noun: invention | Verb: invent | Adjective: inventive | Adverb: inventively.

Word family: accuracy

Noun: accuracy | Adjective: accurate | Adverb: accurately.

Word family: modification

Noun: modification | Verb: modify | Adjective: modified.