Perspectives in Global Healthcare

NUR 436; Comm & Population Health

The goals were not achieved due to things like man-made and natural disasters, political corruption, lack of infrastructure in less developed nations, and other unforeseen obstacles. So the goals were extended into the next century by the creation of the HFA21 strategies.

The World Health Assembly

The _____ were developed to relieve poor health conditions around the world and to establish positive steps to improve living conditions (UN, 2013). By the year 2005, all member nations pledged to meet the goals described in Box 4.1. These goals have continued to evolve as natural disasters and internal strife continue to affect the poor and the vulnerable.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

what describes the developed nations’ responsibility to the betterment of those in lesser-developed nations.

The Millennium Report (2015)

what refers to one with a stable economy and a wide range of industrial and technological development—for example, the United States, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, Sweden, France, and Australia.

developed country

A country that is not yet stable with respect to its economy and technological development is referred to as a _____-_____ _____ - or example, Bangladesh, Zaire, Haiti, Guatemala, most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and the island nation of Indonesia.

lesser-developed country

_____ _____ relates to the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group, and includes health outcomes, patterns of health determinants, and policies and interventions that link these two

population health

The factors and conditions that are important considerations in population health are called _____.

determinants

The determinants do not work independently of each other but form a complex system of _____.

interactions

***Mexico is an example of a country that has made a particular effort to implement primary health care services. Mexico has initiated a module program that is administered through the ministry of health. The program is characterized by village-based health posts, each of which is operated by a community volunteer and a health committee. The volunteer and committee are supervised by a nurse who operates from a regional health center. It is believed that this module system can address community needs and will ultimately lead to better use of services and resources.

Global health is not just a global public health agenda; it must consider all factors within a country that affect health, such as environment, education, national and local policies, health care, access to health care, economics (importing and exporting of goods, industry, technology), war, and public safety. This paradigm shift is called _____ _____ _____, which refers to multilevel and multifactor negotiation processes involving the environment, health, emerging diseases, and human safety.

global health diplomacy

what act is a universal national social insurance program for long-term care

Exceptional Medical Expenses Act

Poor families can participate in _____ _____ for free, and people who do not participate in the insurance program can still access services through the ministry of health, although sometimes with some difficulty.

Seguro Popular

Mortality statistics do not adequately describe the outlook of health in the world. The WHO (2018f) has developed an indicator called the _____ _____ _____ _____. The GBD combines losses from premature death and losses of healthy life that result from disability.

global burden of disease (GBD)

_____ death is defined as the difference between the actual age at death and life expectancy at that age in a low-mortality population.

premature

People who have debilitating ______ or _____ must be cared for in some way, most often by family members, and thus they no longer can contribute to the family’s or a community’s economic growth.

injuries; diseases

The GBD represents units of _____-_____ _____-_____

disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) 

list 2 adverse outcomes caused by environmental factors which are infectious disease, cancer, injuries, etc., some nations dump medical waste into water supply areas

• Tuberculosis

• Malaria (Bed nets)

The WHO estimates that more than a third of infectious disease deaths are caused by the deadly triad. What 3 things make up the deadly triad.

• AIDS

• TB

• Malaria.

A _____ attack is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs (agents) used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. These agents are typically found in nature, but it is possible that they could be changed to increase their ability to cause disease, make them resistant to current medicines, or to increase their ability to be spread into the environment to threaten a government or to intimidate or coerce a civilian population.

bioterrorism

A _____ _____ occurs when a hazardous chemical is released and the release has the potential for harming people’s health. Chemical releases can be unintentional (e.g., an industrial accident) or intentional (e.g., a terrorist attack).

chemical emergency

_____ _____ occurs when an excess amount of radiation is released to harm people’s health. These may be unintentional and intentional events. Intentional terrorist events are those designed to contaminate food and water with radioactive material; spread radioactive material into the environment by using conventional explosives (e.g., dynamite; called a dirty bomb) or by using wind currents or natural traffic patterns; bomb or destroy a nuclear reactor; cause a truck/train carrying nuclear material to spill its load; or explode a nuclear weapon.

radiation poisoning

_____ was defined by the United Nations in 1948 to mean any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, including (a) killing members of the group, (b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group, (c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part, (d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group, and (e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

genocide