Maternal and Child Health Nursing Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive set of 500 vocabulary-style practice flashcards covering all key concepts, definitions, clinical parameters, standards, and diagrams from Modules 1 through 6 of Maternal and Child Nursing Care.

Primary Goal of Maternal and Child Health Nursing

The promotion and maintenance of optimal family health to ensure cycles of optimal childbearing and childrearing.

Perinatal Period

The time span beginning at 20 weeks of pregnancy to 4 weeks (28 days) after birth.

Antepartal Period

The period from conception to the onset of labor, focused on promoting maternal and fetal health, identifying risks, and preventing complications.

Intrapartal Period

The period from the onset of labor to the birth of the baby and placenta, focused on ensuring safe maternal and fetal outcomes.

Postpartal Period

The period from the birth of the placenta to 6 weeks after birth, focused on promoting maternal recovery and bonding.

Neonatal Period

The period from birth to 28 days of life, focused on promoting adaptation to extrauterine life.

First Stage of Labor

The stage of labor extending from the onset of true labor to 10 cm cervical dilatation, encompassing the latent, active, and transition phases.

Second Stage of Labor

The stage of labor extending from 10 cm cervical dilatation to the birth of the baby, involving pushing, crowning, and birth of the infant.

Third Stage of Labor

The stage of labor extending from the birth of the baby to the delivery of the placenta, involving placental separation and expulsion.

Fourth Stage of Labor

The first 1–4 hours postpartum, serving as the maternal recovery period where bleeding, fundus, vital signs, and bonding are monitored.

Family-Centered Philosophy in MCN

A foundational philosophy stating that assessment should always include the family as well as the individual, treating the family as a partner in care.

Community-Centered Philosophy in MCN

A philosophy recognizing that the health of families is both affected by and directly influences the health of communities.

Evidence-Based Practice in MCN

The integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and client preferences to maintain optimal family functioning.

Health Promotion Phase

A phase of health care focused on preventing illness through measures such as health education and immunization.

Health Maintenance Phase

A phase of health care focused on preserving health when a risk of illness is present.

Health Restoration Phase

A phase of health care focused on providing direct care during complications to return the patient to health.

Health Rehabilitation Phase

A phase of health care aimed at helping a patient with residual effects achieve an optimal state of wellness and independence.

Nursing Process

A scientific form of problem solving that serves as the basis for assessing, making a nursing diagnosis, planning, implementing, and evaluating care.

Nursing Theory

A discipline's base of established knowledge designed to offer helpful ways to view patients so nursing activities can meet patient needs.

QSEN Overall Goal

To address the challenge of preparing future nurses with the abilities necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of healthcare systems.

QSEN Competency: Patient-Centered Care

Recognizing the patient as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate care based on respect for preferences, values, and needs.

QSEN Competency: Teamwork and Collaboration

Functioning effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams through open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making.

QSEN Competency: Evidence-Based Practice

Integrating the best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences for delivery of optimal health care.

QSEN Competency: Quality Improvement

Using data to monitor the outcomes of care and using improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve healthcare safety.

QSEN Competency: Safety

Minimizing risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance.

QSEN Competency: Informatics

Using information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making.

Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160)

The law that devolved the delivery of basic health services from the national government to Local Government Units (LGUs).

National Health Insurance Act of 1995 (RA 7875)

The law that established PhilHealth to provide financial risk protection and health insurance coverage to Filipinos.

Universal Health Care (UHC) Act of 2019 (RA 11223)

Signed into law on February 20, 2019, institutionalizing automatic enrollment of all Filipinos into the National Health Insurance Program.

Executive Order No. 138, Series of 2021

An executive order supporting full devolution to LGUs pursuant to the Supreme Court Mandanas-Garcia ruling.

Health Sector Strategy (HSS) 2023–2028

The roadmap for achieving health goals of the Philippine Development Plan 2023–2028 and SDG 3.

UHC Strategic Thrust 1

Enable Filipinos to be Healthy by addressing behavioral, social, economic, environmental, and structural determinants.

UHC Strategic Thrust 2

Protect Filipinos from Health Risks by preparing for and managing disease outbreaks, disasters, and health emergencies.

UHC Strategic Thrust 3

Care for Filipinos' Health and Wellness through integrated primary care networks and sustainable financing.

UHC Strategic Thrust 4

Strengthen Health Institutions and Workforce by empowering healthcare workers and improving organizational capacities.

Sustainable Development Goal 3

Good Health and Well-being.

Prepregnancy Iron Supplementation Recommendation

60 mg elemental iron (1 tablet per day).

Prepregnancy Folic Acid Recommendation

400 mcg (1 tablet per day) for 3 to 6 months.

Prepregnancy Vitamin A Recommendation

5,000 IU every week.

Prenatal Visit Schedule Requirement

At least four visits: one in the first trimester, one in the second trimester, and at least two in the third trimester.

Prenatal Iron and Folate Dose

60 mg iron and 400 mcg folate once daily for 6 months (180 tablets total).

Prenatal Vitamin A Dose

10,000 IU twice a week starting from the fourth month of pregnancy.

Prenatal Iodine Dose

200 mg taken once during pregnancy.

Tetanus Toxoid Passive Immunity Mechanism

Maternal antibodies pass through the placenta into fetal circulation to protect both mother and newborn.

Home-Based Mother's Record (HBMR)

A simplified record of present and past pregnancy history utilized when rendering care to pregnant women.

Unang Yakap / EINC

Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care practices during the intrapartum period necessary for safe, quality childbirth care.

BEmONC Facility Population Standard

WHO recommends a ratio of 1 BEmONC facility per 125,000 population.

Seven Signal Obstetric Functions of BEmONC

Parenteral oxytocin, parenteral anticonvulsants, parenteral antibiotics, assisted deliveries, removal of retained products, manual placental removal, and newborn resuscitation.

CEmONC Facility Population Standard

Should be available in tertiary/general hospitals serving a population of 500,000.

CEmONC Scope of Service

Includes all 7 BEmONC signal functions plus C-section, blood banking/transfusion, and specialized neonatal emergency care.

Postpartum Visit Schedule

Visits within 72 hours and on the 7th day postpartum to check for bleeding or infection.

Postpartum Iron and Folate Dose

60 mg iron and 400 mcg folate daily for 3 months (90 tablets).

Postpartum Vitamin A Dose

200,000 IU given once within 4 weeks after delivery.

Breastfeeding Duration Guidelines

Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months, and sustained breastfeeding up to 24 months with complementary feeding.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) Definition

Measures how fast people are added to the population through births.

Crude Birth Rate Formula

$$\text{CBR} = \frac{\text{Number of registered live births in a year}}{\text{Midyear population}} \times 1{,}000$$

CBR High Fertility Threshold

A Crude Birth Rate greater than or equal to $45/1{,}000$ live births.

CBR Low Fertility Threshold

A Crude Birth Rate less than or equal to $20/1{,}000$ live births.

General Fertility Rate (GFR) Definition

Relates births directly to women in the reproductive age group (15–44 years).

General Fertility Rate Formula

$$\text{GFR} = \frac{\text{Number of registered live births in a year}}{\text{Midyear population of women 15--44 years of age}} \times 1{,}000$$

GFR High and Low Fertility Levels

High fertility is $200/1{,}000$ women; low fertility is $60/1{,}000$ women.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) Definition

Number of female deaths from any cause related to pregnancy/childbirth or within 42 days of termination per live births.

Maternal Mortality Rate Formula

$$\text{MMR} = \frac{\text{Number of deaths due to pregnancy, delivery, puerperium in a year}}{\text{Number of live births in the same year}} \times 100$$

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) Definition

Number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a calendar year.

Infant Mortality Rate Formula

$$\text{IMR} = \frac{\text{Deaths under 1 year of age in a calendar year}}{\text{Number of live births in the same year}} \times 1{,}000$$

IMR Environment Indicator Thresholds

Levels of 60–150/1,000 are common in poor populations; $\ge 200/1{,}000$ indicates severe environmental distress.

Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) Definition

Deaths of infants less than 28 days old per 1,000 live births, mainly reflecting prenatal or genetic factors.

Neonatal Mortality Rate Formula

$$\text{NMR} = \frac{\text{Number of deaths under 28 days of age in a year}}{\text{Number of live births in the same year}} \times 1{,}000$$

Postneonatal Mortality Rate (PMR) Definition

Deaths among infants 28 days to less than 1 year of age per 1,000 live births, reflecting environmental and nutritional factors.

Postneonatal Mortality Rate Formula

$$\text{PMR} = \frac{\text{Number of deaths among 28 days to } <1 \text{ year of age}}{\text{Number of live births in the same year}} \times 1{,}000$$

Gonad

A body organ that produces the cells necessary for reproduction (ovaries in females, testes in males).

Sex Determination at Conception

Determined by chromosome information supplied by sperm (X or Y) joining the ovum (X).

5th Week Intrauterine Differentiation

Mesonephric (Wolffian) and paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts form.

7th-8th Week Male Differentiation

Testosterone production stimulates the mesonephric duct to develop into male reproductive organs.

10th Week Female Differentiation

In the absence of testosterone, the paramesonephric duct develops into female reproductive organs.

12th Week Intrauterine Development

External genitals begin to develop.

Puberty

The stage of life at which secondary sex characteristics develop and capability for reproduction is attained.

Sequence of Female Pubertal Changes

Growth spurt, increased pelvic transverse diameter, breast development, pubic hair, menarche, axillary hair, vaginal secretions.

Sequence of Male Pubertal Changes

Weight gain, growth of testes, facial/axillary/pubic hair growth, voice changes, penile growth, height increase, spermatogenesis.

Andrology

The study of the male reproductive system.

Penis Functions

Provides a duct to expel urine from the bladder, and deposits sperm into the vagina to fertilize an ovum.

Erectile Tissues of the Penis

One corpus spongiosum and two corpora cavernosa.

Scrotum Function

Suspends the testes away from the body to lower their temperature for normal spermatogenesis.

Testes Primary Functions

Manufacture male germ cells (spermatozoa) and secrete male hormones (androgens).

Seminiferous Tubules

Convoluted tubules within the testes where sperm are produced.

Hormones Stimulating Spermatogenesis and Testosterone

FSH stimulates sperm production; LH stimulates testosterone production from Leydig cells.

Non-Reproductive Effects of Testosterone

Increases muscle mass/strength, promotes long bone growth, increases BMR, enhances RBC production, enlarges vocal cords, affects hair distribution.

Epididymis Function & Transit Time

Stores sperm for 2 to 10 days while they mature before moving into the vas deferens.

Male Accessory Glands

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands).

Functions of Seminal Plasma

Nourishes sperm, protects sperm from acidic vaginal environment, and enhances sperm motility.

Semen

The combined fluid composed of seminal plasma and spermatozoa.

Effect of Increased Heat on Testes

Increases motility temporarily but shortens sperm lifespan; constant high heat can cause sterility.

Vulva

The collective term for the female external genitalia.

Mons Pubis (Mons Veneris)

A pad of fatty tissue covered by skin and hair that protects the symphysis pubis.

Labia Majora

Two longitudinal folds of fatty adipose tissue on each side of the vestibule.

Labia Minora

Two thin, soft folds of tissue revealed when labia majora are separated.

Fourchette (Obstetrical Perineum)

A fold of tissue below the vagina where labia majora and minora meet; site of childbirth lacerations.

Clitoris

A small erectile body at the anterior labia minora; the most sensitive part of female genitalia.

Skene Ducts (Paraurethral Ducts)

Ducts located on each side of the urethra that provide lubrication for the urethra and vaginal orifice.

Bartholin Glands (Vulvovaginal Glands)

Glands providing lubrication for the vaginal introitus during sexual arousal.