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42 Terms

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E. Coli cell length

2 micrometers (2×10^-6 meters)

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E. Coli cell diameter

1 micrometer (1×10^-6 meters)

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E. Coli cell volume

1 cubic micrometer (1×10^-6 liters)

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E. Coli cell mass

1 picogram (1×10^-12 grams)

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E. Coli generation time

1 hour

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Avogadro’s Number

6×10²³

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Yeast cell volume

30 cubic micrometers (3×10^-5 liters)

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Yeast cell diameter

5 micrometers (5×10^-6 meters)

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Yeast cell generation time

3 hours

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HeLa cell volume

3000 femtoliters (3×10^-12 liters)

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HeLa cell diameter

20 micrometers (2×10^-5 meters)

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HeLa cell generation time

1 day

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Cells in human body

4×10^13

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Bacterial cells in human gut

4×10^13

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Mean diameter of a protein (E.coli, yeast, humans)

4-5 nanometers (4-5×10^-9 m)

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Number of proteins per cubic micrometer of cell volume (E.coli, yeast, humans)

2-4×10^6

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Average distance between proteins in living cells

<10 nanometers (<1×10^-8 m)

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Diameter of a water molecule

0.3 nanometers (3^-10 meters)

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Rate of transcription for genes in E. coli

80 nucelotides per second

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Rate of translation for mRNAs in E. coli

20 amino acids per second

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Diffusion time for a small molecule across an E. coli cell membrane

0.001s

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Diffusion time for a protein across an E. coli cell

0.01 seconds

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Time scale for transitions between protein states

1-100 microseconds

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Diffusion time for a small molecule across a HeLa cell

0.1-1s

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Diffusion time for a protein across a HeLa cell

1-10s

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Time scale for binding of a transcription factor to a DNA site

1s

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Time to transcribe a gene in HeLa cells

30 minutes

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Time to translate a protein in HeLa cells

30 minutes

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Size of the E.coli genome

4.6 Mbp

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Number of protein encoding genes in E.coli

4300

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Typical gene length in E. coli

1000 base pairs

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E. coli is haplod/diploid

haploid

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Mutation rate in E. coli

10^-10 mutations per hour per base pair per replication of the genome

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Size of the human genome

3.2 Gbp

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Number of protein coding genes in humans

21000

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Typical gene length in HeLa

10^4-10^6 base pairs

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Humans are diploid/haploid

Diploid

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Mutation rate in humans

10^-10 mutations per base pair per replication of the genome

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Length of a typical mitochondrion

2 micrometers

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Width of a typical mitochondrion

1 micrometer

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Approx. number of mitochondria per yeast cell

10^1

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Approx. number of mitochondria per mammalian cell

10^3-10^4