Behavioral neuro #2

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during brain development neuronal mitigation starts at the _____ and is said to follow a _____ pattern

ventricular zone, inside out

Which specialized structure does a neuron use to grow its axon and dendrites during the circuit formation step of brain development

Growth cone

where are located the hair cells of the inner ear

Organ of corti

Which type of fiber is used by mechanorecpetors to transmit touch information from the skin to the spinal cord

alpha beta fibers

At a neuromuscular junction what type of post synaptic receptor is present on muscle fiber

nicotonic

Which brain region regulates homeostatic process

hypothalamus

what happens to water movement and cells when the extracellular fluid is hypotonic compared to the intracellular fluid

water moves into the cell and the cell expands

where does the descending pathway of pain start

The periaqueductal grey (PAG)

what is the purpose of vasodilation in thermoregulation

it dissipates heat in the endotherms

Which type of cell generated during the cell proliferation stage of the brain development is oliogopotent

• Glial progenitor cell

how is the cortex assembled

Cortex is assembled inside out

where does the development of axons and dendrites happen

growth cones

What is the process by which the soma of a neuronal cell dies following degneration of its axon

Retrograde degeneration

Axonal regeneration occurs in both the CNS and PNS

False it only occurs in the PNS due to shwann cells

Adult neurogenesis is the main mechanism for neural circuit formation t or f

false it mainly occurs in prenatal neurogensis

Which 2 neurotrasnimitter systems are deregulated in alzheimers disease

Cholinergic and glutamate 

• Those with alzheimers have excess glutamate and loss of cholinergic 

Where are located the ossicles

mid ear

what is the chochlea duct rich in

potassium and calcium

Depolarization of hair cells is achieved by 

• Entrance of K+ in the cell 

Auditory tract

hair cells send info to chochlea chochlea nucleus to mid brain to thalamus to primary auditory cortex

Where does the information about touch crosses the central nervous system? at the level of the: 

Medulla

Where does the information about pain crosses the midline of the central nervous system?

• At the spine 

• What type of fibers are used during the 2nd wave of pain

• C fibers 

• Nocicpetors use 2 different types of axons

• Alpha beta fibers

  • Mylenated  fast 

• C fibers

  • Light or non mylenated slow speed

• Where does the descending pathway of pain start

PAG

what does the descending pathway of pain do

Descending inhibits the ascending pathway of pain thats it goal

Skeletal muscles are smooth muscles true or false

false

In a resting muscle fiber which protein prevents muscle contraction

• Troponin/tropomyosin 

What type of information do muscle spindles convey 

Length

How does the basal ganglia control movement

• By disnihibiting the thalamus 

difference between endotherms and ectotherms

endotherms use internal methods

ectotherms use external methods

What charecterizes a fever

an increase in normal hypothalmic set point followed by an increase in the core body temperature

Which type of thirst involves baroreceptors in the kidneys

• Hypovelemic thirst