Atoms, Acids, Bases

formula for orbitals in a shell

n²

electron config. for trans. metals cations

take from 4s before 3d

the first ionization energy

is always smaller (less) than the second and so on and so forth

electron geometry is

the one I like; it’s easier

combustion rxns form

CO2 and water

ammonium

nitrate

sulfate

cyanide

phosphate

carbonate

acetate

permanganate

chromate

dichromate

diatomic atoms acronym

B R I N Cl H O F

highest electronegativity atoms acronym

F O N Cl Br I S C~H

relationship b/w charge and lattice energy

directly proportional

relationship b/w size and lattice energy

inversely proportional

relationship b/w bond strength and lattice energy

directly proportional

relationship b/w atomic radius and bond length

directly proportional

coordination covalent bond (someone is a simp in this bond)

bond where a non-metal with a lone pair donates both electrons to form the bond

strong acids: halogens

HCl, HBr, HI

strong acids: oxygen heavy

H2SO4, HNO3, HCLO4

strong bases: Group 1 hydroxides

ALL OF THEM, ex: NaOH, CsOH

strong bases: Group 2 hydroxides

ONLY 3: Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

strong bases: Group 1 oxides

ALL OF THEM, ex: Li2O, Na2O

strong bases with amides

a metal bonded to an amide (NH2)

the polyprotic acid version of itself with the most protons is

the most acidic and has the higher Ka

purposes of Henderson-Hasselbalch

used to solve for pH of a buffer & tells you relative amounts of A- and HA needed to maintain a pH