OT 200 Chapter 2

aden/o

gland

adip/o

fat

anter/o

before

caud/o

lower part of teh body, tail

cephal/o

head

cyt/o, -cyte

cell

end-, endo

in, within , inside

exo-

out of, outside, away from

hist/o, histi/o

tissue

-ologists

specialist

-ology

the science or study of

path/o, -pathy

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

plas/i, plas/o

development, growth, formation

poster/o

behind, toward the back

-stasis, static

control, maintenance of a constant level

abdominal cavity

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen

adenectomy

surgical removal of a gland

adenocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of glandular tissue

adenoma

a benign tumor that arises in, or resembles, glandular tissue

adenomalacia

abnormal softening of a gland

adenosclerosis

abnormal hardening of a gland

anaplasia

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

anatomy

study of body structure

anomaly

deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule

anterior

of or near the head end or toward the front plane of the body

aplasia

the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue

bloodborne transmission

the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood

caudal

toward the posterior end of the body

cephalic

of or relating to the head

chromosomes

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.

communicable disease

a disease caused by pathogens that spread easily; a contagious disease

congenial disorder

genetic disorder evident at birth

cytoplasm

a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

distal

situated farthest from point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone

dorsal

belonging to or on or near the back or upper surface of an animal or organ or part

dysplasia

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

endemic

a disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain class or in people living in a particular location

endocrine gland

gland that releases its secretions directly into the bloodstream

epidemic

a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease

epigastric region

located above the stomach

etiology

study of the cause of disease

exocrine gland

a gland that secretes externally through a duct

functional disorder

disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

genetic disorder

An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes

geriatrician

a physician who specializes in the care of older people

hemophilia

a hereditary disease where blood does not coagulate to stop bleeding

histology

study of tissues

homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

hyperplasia

abnormal increase in number of cells

hypertrophy

abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ

hypogastric region

located below the stomach

hypoplasia

the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

iatrogenic illness

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

idiopathic disorder

an illness without known cause

infectious disease

A disease that is caused by a pathogen and that can be spread from one individual to another.

inguinal

of or relating to or near the groin

medial

toward the midline of the body

mesentery

a double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestines

midsagittal plane

divides the body into equal right and left sides

nonsocomial infection

Infection acquired while in a hospital or medical setting.

pandemic

an epidemic that is geographically widespread

pelvic cavity

the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera

peritoneum

double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs

peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum

phenylketonuria

a genetic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize phenylalanine

physiology

the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms

posterior

toward the back

proximal

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

retroperitoneal

Behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity

stem cells

unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells when under the right conditions

thoracic cavity

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

umbilicus

navel

vector-borne transmission

the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector

ventral

toward or on or near the belly (front of a primate or lower surface of a lower animal)