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Edward Bernstein

A German socialist who advocated for evolutionary socialism, emphasizing gradual reforms over revolution.

Evolutionary Socialism

The idea that socialism can be achieved through gradual reforms within existing political systems, rather than through violent revolution.

Fabian Society

A British socialist organization founded in 1884 that promoted gradual social reform through legal means and democratic processes.

German SPD (Social Democratic Party)

Germany's largest socialist party in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, advocating for socialism through democratic means.

Erfurt Program

A document adopted by the SPD in 1891 outlining goals for socialism achieved through democratic processes, emphasizing social equality.

Dreyfus Affair

A political scandal in France involving Captain Alfred Dreyfus, highlighting anti-Semitism and military injustice.

Emile Zola

A French author who wrote 'J’accuse', defending Dreyfus and criticizing the French government's handling of the case.

J’accuse

An open letter by Emile Zola highlighting the injustice of the Dreyfus Affair and accusing the French government of anti-Semitism.

Theodor Herzl

An Austrian-Hungarian journalist who founded the modern Zionist movement, advocating for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Zionism

A political movement advocating for the establishment of a Jewish state, initiated by Theodor Herzl to combat anti-Semitism.