VOCAB COMBINED 19 CENTURY

Photographic negative:

An opposite image of the subject fixed onto a surface, which can then be transferred to a positive print in multiples

Calotype:

Talbots process using a coated paper to negative and positive prints to make multiples

The Pencil of Nature:

Published 6 volumes between 1844-46. Contained introductory Remarks and 24 plates with brief text while describing Talbot's methods along with the applications of the medium. Possibility of photographs to make “inventory”, other uses of photography to catalog very quickly or reproduce artworks

British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions:

Illustrated book on a scientific approach of botany while defying social norms

Cyanotype:

A process that uses a paper coated in solution and uses the sun to create a negative image fixed into the paper

“Daguerrean Era”:

1839 to roughly 1860, marking the birth and first major wave of commercial photography. Invented by Frenchman Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre

Albumen Print:

a 19th-century photographic process that uses egg whites (albumen) mixed with salt as a binder to hold light-sensitive silver salts on a paper base

Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863):

January 1, 1863, declaring that all enslaved people in Confederate states currently in rebellion against the United States "are, and henceforward shall be free"

American Civil War (1861- 1865):

Between the Union[e] ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union to preserve slavery in the United States.

Eugène Viollet-le-Duc:

French Gothic revival architect and restorer of French medieval buildings

Mission Héliographique:

GOVERNMENT BASED Formed to identify and document historic monuments in need of restoration through photographs 1851. A team of photographers sent across France to document history

Societte heliographic

First photographic society

Real versus ideal:

Documentary (ideal) vs  artistic. The differences between angles and how it can change the narrative

Haussmannization (1853-1870):

Renovations of paris, spreading of boulevards, and uniformity of buildings from eugene haussman. Attempt to modernize France, better sewers and to create beautiful cities. Social documentary during this period

Realism:

Frank treatment of the common man, humble and had been done in a way that it hasn't before. Seeing the lower class in a way that has never been portrayed before. 

Historicism: 

The artistic and architectural practice of consciously using, reviving, or mixing styles, motifs, and techniques from past historical eras

Restoration:

The hands-on process of fixing, cleaning, stabilizing, or reconstructing missing or deteriorated parts of paintings, sculptures, and objects

Photography

 The art or practice of taking and processing photographs. Greek world “photos” light and “graphein” to draw

Heliograph:

Niepce version of the Daguerreotype, direct positives on paper. Niepce, View From The Window at Les Gras 1827 Heliograph

Daguerreotype:

Photographic process in which the image is fixed to a metal plate as a direct positive. Daguerreotype, The Artist Studio (1837). Credited to the creation of photography 

Enlightenment:

Often called “the age of reason”. A European and American intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th century that emphasized reason, science and individualism. (foundation for the creation of photography due to a shift of thinking and science) Talbot, bayard, niepce

Portrait / Portraiture:

painting, drawing, print or photograph of a person, a representation or impression of a person

Individual vs “Type”:

Fish wife

Hill:

The creative

Adam

The man “making” the photos