Endocrine System

Where endocrine gland secretes hormone through?

blood (enter interstitial fluid diffuse into nearby capillaries)

Where exocrine gland secretes non-hormones products through?

Through ducts (e.g. sweat glands) into an opening of the bodies (lumen

T or F: Posterior gland produces hormones by their own

False. It only stores and releases hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus (ADH, oxytocin)

Hypothalamus communicate with anterior or posterior glands via:

Anterior: via blood

Posterior: via nerves

Steroid hormones are derived from

Cholesterol

(most of them got 4 carbon rings structure)

Non-steroid hormones are built from:

Amino Acids (amines, peptides, and proteins)

Which part is the link between nervous and endocrine system?

Hypothalamus

What hormones is secreted from Adipose tissue?

Leptin

What is the function of Leptin?

Suppresses appetite

What hormone(s) is secreted by the pancreas?

1. Glucagon

2. Insulin

Function of insulin

Lower blood sugar in blood

Function of Glucagon

Increase blood sugar

Function of Thyroxine (T4)

Increase the rate of chemical reaction in cell metabolism

Function of Triiodothyronine (T3)

Stimulate nervous system of wakefulness, alertness, response for external stimuli. Boost up metabolism like T4

Function of Calcitonin. Where is it secreted?

Secreted by thyroid gland. Targets bone and kidneys to control/ Lower the blood calcium level.

Where is PTH secreted? What is the function?

Parathyroid Hormone. Do the opposite of Calcitonin that increase the Ca2+ in blood

Hormones secreted from Hypothalamus (9 hormones)

1. Gonadotropin RH (GnRH)

2. Prolactin RH

3. Prolactin IH (Dopamine)

4. Growth Hormone RH

5. Growth Hormone IH (somatostatin)

6. Thyrotropin RH

7. Corticotropin RH

8. Oxytocin

9. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Corticotropin RH stimulates which hormone secretion in which gland?

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) from anterior pituitary gland

Posterior pituitary gland stores and release which 2 hormones from hypothalamus?

1. Oxytocin

2. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Hormones secreted by Kidneys

1. Erythropoietin

2. Calcitriol

Function of Calcitriol

Targets the intestine. Increases Ca2+ reabsorption

Function of Erythropoietin

Targets Bone Marrow. Increases the production of RBC.

Hormones secreted by Anterior pituitary gland

1. Growth Hormone

2. FSH

3. LH

4. Prolactin

5. ACTH

6. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

For females:

GnRH > LH > Estrogen and Progesterone

GnRH > FSH > Estrogen and Inhibin

For males:

GnRH > LH > Testosterone

GnRH > FSH > Inhibin in Sertoli cells and Androgen-binding protein (ABP) in Leydig cells