ZOO 4513 Animal Behavior Exam 1 Sample + correct answers
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100 Terms
1) What was the name of Aristotle's idea that animal life was progressive in complexity, going from simplest animals such as sponges to increasingly more complex and ending with humans, the most complex of all?
(a) Chain of Reactions
(b) Chain of Life
(c) Chain of Being
(d) Domain of Animals
(c) Chain of Being
2) Whose work was influential to the developing field of animal behavior and is credited with having a founding role in both of the two major subdisciplines?
(a) Tinbergen
(b) Lorenz
(c) Romanes
(d) Spencer
(e) Darwin
(f) Hamilton
(e) Darwin
3) Which subdiscipline of the study of animal behavior is focused primarily on the evolution and function of behavior?
(a) Comparative Psychology
(b) Ethology
(c) Both did
(d) Neither did
(b) Ethology
4) Where did the subdiscipline of Ethology originally develop?
(a) Europe
(b) United States
(c) China
(d) Japan
(a) Europe
5) Which subdiscipline of the study of animal behavior initially was only conducted in a laboratory setting?
(a) Comparative Psychology
(b) Ethology
(c) Neither did, they both studied behavior in nature
(a) Comparative Psychology
6) Which subdiscipline of the study of animal behavior included Thorndike, Skinner, and Pavlov?
(a) Comparative Psychology
(b) Ethology
(c) Neither did
(d) Both did
(a) Comparative Psychology
7) What is the term for a motor response initiated by an environmental stimulus that, once initiated, must be followed through to completion even after the removal of that stimulus?
(a) Chain of Being
(b) Chain of Reactions
(c) Fixed Action Pattern
(d) Motor Response
(c) Fixed Action Pattern
8) What is the term for the initiating stimulus of question #7 if it is a conspecific?
(a) Sign Stimulus
(b) Social Releaser
(c) Respondus
(d) Tropism
(b) Social Releaser
9) Who is the animal behaviorist credited with being the first to propose that all nonhuman behaviors were simply instinctual?
(a) Loeb
(b) Romanes
(c) Lashley
(d) Flourens
(e) Spencer
(a) Loeb
10) Who is credited with coming up with the four questions (What are the mechanisms that cause a particular behavior? How did this particular behavior develop? What is the survival value of this particular behavior? How did this particular behavior evolve?) attempting to link ethology and comparative psychology?
(a) Lorenz
(b) Thorndike
(c) Tinbergen
(d) von Frisch
(e) Morgan
(c) Tinbergen
11) What was the term for the idea in comparative psychology that behavior should be described in the simplest way that is consistent with the available evidence?
(a) Morgan's Canon
(b) Lashley's Canon
(c) Wilson's Canon
(d) Spencer's Canon
(a) Morgan's Canon
12) Who studied animal behavior using classical conditioning?
(a) Thorndike
(b) Skinner
(c) Pavlov
(d) von Frisch
(e) Lorenz
(c) Pavlov
13) Which comparative psychologist followed the subdiscipline of behaviorism?
(a) Thorndike
(b) Skinner
(c) Pavlov
(d) von Frisch
(e) Lorenz
(a) Thorndike
14) Which comparative psychologist attempted to localize where learning occurred on the cerebral cortex?
(a) Lashley
(b) Flourens
(c) Beach
(d) Skinner
(e) Tinbergen
(a) Lashley
15) Which comparative psychologist is considered to be the first physiological psychologist?
(a) Lashley
(b) Flourens
(c) Beach
(d) Skinner
(e) Tinbergen
(b) Flourens
16) Which comparative psychologist is considered to be the "father of behavioral endocrinology"?
(a) Lashley
(b) Flourens
(c) Beach
(d) Skinner
(e) Tinbergen
(c) Beach
17) Which subdiscipline of animal behavior focuses on the application of evolutionary theory to social behavior?
(a) Behavioral Ecology
(b) Sociobiology
(c) Behavioral Biology
(d) Applied Behavior
(b) Sociobiology
18) Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?
(a) Uracil
(b) Thymine
(c) Adenine
(d) Cytosine
(c) Adenine
19) What is the term for the process by which the DNA message is copied into a working copy as mRNA?
(a) Transcription
(b) Transduction
(c) Translation
(d) Transport
(a) Transcription
20) What is the term for when the two alleles for a gene will code for two different phenotypes?
(a) Homozygous
(b) Heterozygous
(c) Codominant
(d) Divergent
(b) Heterozygous
21) What is the term for the allele that will always be expressed in the condition described in question #20?
(a) Recessive
(b) Transcribed
(c) Translated
(d) Dominant
(e) Expressive
(d) Dominant
22) What is the term for the physical appearance of an organism due to its genetic make up?
(a) Genotype
(b) Phenotype
(c) Morphology
(d) Physiotype
(b) Phenotype
23) Which gene is responsible for song learning in songbirds?
(a) Zenk
(b) Fru
(c) Erg-1
(d) Dunce
(e) GnRF
(a) Zenk
24) Which gene is responsible for the rapid development of dominant male characteristics in Astatotilapia burtoni when the dominant male is lost, dies, etc?
(a) Zenk
(b) Fru
(c) Erg-1
(d) Dunce
(e) GnRF
c) Erg-1
25) Which hormone increases in production after a male Astatotilapia burtoni begins winning fights to decrease growth and focus energy on reproduction, dominant behavior, and dominant coloration?
(a) Gonadotropin Release Factor
(b) Somatostatin
(c) Testosterone
(d) Somatotropin
(b) Somatostatin
26) What is the term for a gene that is hypothesized to be involved in a particular behavior based on a literature review focusing on genes that produce the same or similar behavior in other species?
(a) Candidate Gene
(b) Hypothetical Gene
(c) Microarray Gene
(d) Dunce Gene
(a) Candidate Gene
27) What is the term used in behavioral genetics for increasing the production of the protein product of a gene suspected of being responsible for a behavior?
(a) Knocking Down
(b) Knocking Up
(c) QTL Analysis
(d) Enhanced Translation
(e) Enhanced Transcription
(b) Knocking Up
28) What was the protein product responsible for monogamy in prairie voles and lacking in meadow voles?
(a) Estrogen Receptor Alpha & Beta
(b) Oxytocin Receptor
(c) Vasopressin Receptor
(d) Oxytocin
(c) Vasopressin Receptor
29) Which change in the relationship of the DNA strand and its associated histone proteins, caused by the environment, will turn a gene on (i.e., making it easier to express)?
(a) DNA Methylation
(b) DNA Acetylation
(c) Histone Acetylation
(d) Histone Methylation
(c) Histone Acetylation
30) What is the neurotransmitter produced in the brains of rat pups that have been well nurtured by their mother? It will cause the epigenetic activation of the gene for glucocorticoid receptors.
(a) Serotonin
(b) Glucocorticoids
(c) Oxytocin
(d) Vasopressin
(e) Estrogen
(a) Serotonin
31) Which hormone is required for good maternal care?
(a) Serotonin
(b) Glucocorticoids
(c) Oxytocin
(d) Vasopressin
(e) Estrogen
(c) Oxytocin
32) What was the method of studying the genetic basis of behavior used by Martha Lyon when studying nest building in mice?
(a) Inbreeding
(b) Artificial Selection
(c) Induced Mutation
(d) Microarray Analysis
(b) Artificial Selection
33) What was the method of studying the genetic basis of behavior used in studying memory formation paired with olfactory input in Drosophilia?
(a) Inbreeding
(b) Artificial Selection
(c) Induced Mutation
(d) Microarray Analysis
(c) Induced Mutation
34) Which of the following was not one of Darwin's three observations?
(a) Those inheritable traits that confer an advantage are more likely to result in the production of more offspring.
(b) Some of these varying traits are inheritable.
(c) Only the strongest members of the population will survive.
(d) Individuals within a given population will vary.
(c) Only the strongest members of the population will survive.
35) What is the term for the fitness gained by an individual through helping its relatives raise more offspring than those relatives would have been capable of rearing without that help?
(a) Inclusive Fitness
(b) Indirect Fitness
(c) Relative Fitness
(d) Kin Selection
(b) Indirect Fitness
36) Which type of selection occurs under conditions where an environmental change has caused the optimal phenotype to move away from the center of the curve (or population average) and, as a result, the curve will shift in the direction of the optimal phenotype?
(a) Directional
(b) Stabilizing
(c) Divergent
(d) Convergent
(e) Relative
(a) Directional
37) What is the term for the movement of genes from one population into another?
(a) Epistasis
(b) Recombination
(c) Genetic Drift
(d) Gene Flow
(e) Pleiotropy
(d) Gene Flow
38) What is the term for when a gene may affect more than one trait?
(a) Epistasis
(b) Recombination
(c) Genetic Drift
(d) Gene Flow
(e) Pleiotropy
(e) Pleiotropy
39) In which type of Frequency Dependent Selection will a trait be selected for if it is at a lower frequency?
(a) Stabilizing
(b) Positive
(c) Directional
(d) Negative
(e) Allelic
(d) Negative
40) In which type of Frequency Dependent Selection is the "rare male mating effect" and example of?
(a) Stabilizing
(b) Positive
(c) Directional
(d) Negative
(e) Allelic
(d) Negative
41) What would be the effect of Positive Frequency Dependent Selection on the genetic variation within a population?
(a) increases genetic variation
(b) decreases genetic variation
(c) neutral for genetic variation
(d) That is dependent on other factors.
(b) decreases genetic variation
42) What would be the effect of Negative Frequency Dependent Selection on the genetic variation within a population?
(a) increases genetic variation
(b) decreases genetic variation
(c) neutral for genetic variation
(d) That is dependent on other factors.
(a) increases genetic variation
43) What would be the effect of Negative Assortment Mating on the genetic variation within a population?
(a) increases genetic variation
(b) decrease genetic variation
(c) neutral for genetic variation
(d) That is dependent on other factors.
(a) increases genetic variation
44) What is the term for more than one behavioral strategy that once they have been adopted by the majority of the population no other strategy can confer a high of a degree of reproductive success (and so it cannot be replaced by another strategy)?
(a) Positive Frequency Dependent Selection
(b) Negative Frequency Dependent Selection
(c) Pure Evolutionarily Stable Strategy
(d) Mixed Evolutionarily Stable Strategy
(d) Mixed Evolutionarily Stable Strategy
45) The "Handicap Principle" is an example of which of the following strategies?
(a) Frequency Dependent Selection
(b) Stabilizing Selection
(c) Evolutionarily Stable Strategy
(d) Negative Assortment Mating
(c) Evolutionarily Stable Strategy
46) Who came up with the idea of the "Handicap Principle"?
(a) B. F. Skinner
(b) Karl von Frisch
(c) W. D. Hamilton
(d) Amotz Zahavi
(d) Amotz Zahavi
47) Behaviors such as stotting and ruff (Philomachus pugnax) mating systems are examples of which of the following strategies?
(a) Frequency Dependent Selection
(b) Stabilizing Selection
(c) Evolutionarily Stable Strategy
(d) Negative Assortment Mating
(c) Evolutionarily Stable Strategy
48) What is a mathematical model used by Animal Behaviorists that evaluates the costs and benefits of different organismal features, traits, and characteristics, including behavior, in the natural world?
(a) Selection Model
(b) Behavioral Model
(c) Optimality Model
(d) ESS Model
(e) Frequency Model
(c) Optimality Model
49) Since evolution favors the allelic combinations that work best in a given population at a given time under the given environmental conditions then the genetic variation in that population will decrease over time.
(a) True
(b) False
(b) False
50) What is the behavioral term for an extended period of time during development when an individual is more receptive to specific types of environmental stimuli?
(a) Induction Period
(b) Initiation Phase
(c) Imprinting Phase
(d) Critical Period
(e) Initiation Period
(d) Critical Period
51) What is the behavioral term for any kind of phase-sensitive learning that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior?
(a) Imprinting
(b) Habituation
(c) Sensitization
(d) Dishabituation
(e) Conditioning
(a) Imprinting
52) Which type of learning includes filial and sexual types?
(a) Imprinting
(b) Habituation
(c) Sensitization
(d) Dishabituation
(e) Conditioning
(a) Imprinting
53) What is the behavioral term for a simple form of learning where there is a decrease in an elicited behavior resulting from the repeated presentation of an eliciting stimulus, especially if that stimulus is unimportant or harmless?
(a) Imprinting
(b) Habituation
(c) Sensitization
(d) Dishabituation
(e) Conditioning
(b) Habituation
54) What type of learning is defined as is a change in a response to a stimulus that does not involve associating the presented stimulus with another stimulus or event such as reward or punishment?
(a) Classical Conditioning
(b) Nonassociative Learning
(c) Operant Conditioning
(d) Associative Learning
(b) Nonassociative Learning
55) Who is considered to be the animal behaviorist who developed the idea of classical conditioning?
(a) Thorndike
(b) Skinner
(c) Pavlov
(d) Wilson
(e) Flourens
(c) Pavlov
56) Sometimes called "trial and error conditioning", what form of conditioning involves the animal learning something initially by solving a problem by mistake and then applying that newfound knowledge?
(a) Classical Conditioning
(b) Stimulus-Response Conditioning
(c) Operant Conditioning
(d) Behavioral Conditioning
(e) Trained Conditioning
(c) Operant Conditioning
57) What type of conditioning is a form of learning in which one stimulus, the conditioned stimulus, comes to signal the occurrence of a second stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus?
(a) Classical Conditioning
(b) Stimulus-Response Conditioning
(c) Operant Conditioning
(d) Behavioral Conditioning
(e) Trained Conditioning
(a) Classical Conditioning
58) What is the term for the result if there is a loss of connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response is lost (in the form of conditioning in question #57)?
(a) Emancipation
(b) Extinction
(c) Dishabituation
(d) Desensitization
(b) Extinction
59) What is the term for a consequence (reward or punishment) that causes a behavior to be more likely to occur with greater frequency?
(a) Reinforcement
(b) Fortification
(c) Corroboration
(d) Habituation
(a) Reinforcement
60) What is the term for the form of punishment where a behavior that you wish to stop is followed by a stimulus (ex; yelling, spanking) that results in the decrease of that behavior?
(a) Positive Punishment
(b) Negative Punishment
(c) Negative Reward
(d) Positive Reward
(a) Positive Punishment
61) Which form of conditioning can result in "shaping", a process used in animal training?
(a) Classical Conditioning
(b) Stimulus-Response Conditioning
(c) Operant Conditioning
(d) Behavioral Conditioning
(e) Trained Conditioning
(c) Operant Conditioning
62) In which form of reinforcement schedule the animal must respond with the correct behavior a set number of times before the behavior is rewarded?
(a) Continuous
(b) Fixed
(c) Variable
(d) Intermittent
(b) Fixed
63) What type of learning is a form of learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response; it occurs without obvious reinforcement to be applied later?
(a) Imitation
(b) Stimulus Enhancement
(c) Tradition
(d) Local Enhancement
(e) Goal Directed Emulation
(f) Observational Conditioning
(g) Latent Learning
(g) Latent Learning
64) What type of learning is a type of social learning where an animal is attracted to an object because a conspecific is near it or interacting with it?
(a) Imitation
(b) Stimulus Enhancement
(c) Tradition
(d) Local Enhancement
(e) Goal Directed Emulation
(f) Observational Conditioning
(g) Latent Learning
(b) Stimulus Enhancement
65) What type of learning is a type of classical conditioning occurring in a social setting?
(a) Imitation
(b) Stimulus Enhancement
(c) Tradition
(d) Local Enhancement
(e) Goal Directed Emulation
(f) Observational Conditioning
(g) Latent Learning
(f) Observational Conditioning
66) What type of learning is a social learning behavior where an observer seems to learn how a goal is to be achieved by watching a conspecific? (Note; the observer does not repeat the steps pf the observed exactly.)
(a) Imitation
(b) Stimulus Enhancement
(c) Tradition
(d) Local Enhancement
(e) Goal Directed Emulation
(f) Observational Conditioning
(g) Latent Learning
(e) Goal Directed Emulation
67) What is the term for a learned behavior that is stable in a population over time?
(a) Imitation
(b) Stimulus Enhancement
(c) Tradition
(d) Local Enhancement
(e) Goal Directed Emulation
(f) Observational Conditioning
(g) Latent Learning
(c) Tradition
68) Which stage in a young songbird learning the song of his species is when the animal listens to and memorizes the song?
(a) Sensitive Phase
(b) Sensitive Period
(c) Sensory Learning
(d) Sensorimotor Learning
(c) Sensory Learning
69) What is the term for the ability to determine an alternative route to a goal when the direct route is blocked?
(a) Piloting
(b) Detouring
(c) Path Integration
(d) Dead Reckoning
(e) Navigation
(b) Detouring
70) What device did Gordon Gallup use to determine if an animal possessed the ability of self-perception?
(a) Problem Box
(b) Puzzle Box
(c) Mirror
(d) Metatool
(e) Thorndike's Box
(c) Mirror
71) Which portion of a neuron is typically singular, unbranching (until the terminus), and distributive?
(a) Neurite
(b) Axon
(c) Dendrite
(d) Perikaryon
(e) Telodendria
(b) Axon
72) Which function of the nervous system only occurs in the Central Nervous System?
(a) Sensory
(b) Integration
(c) Motor
(b) Integration
73) What is the term for the point of exchange of information between a neuron and another cell?
(a) Neurotransmission
(b) Impulse
(c) Synapse
(d) Action Potential
(c) Synapse
74) In the Teleogryllus cricket, two ascending interneurons carry information to the brain. Which one is responsible for detecting the echolocating signals of hunting bats?
(a) INT-1
(b) INT-2
(c) ECHO-1
(d) ECHO-2
(e) ANT-1
(f) ANT-2
(a) INT-1
75) What is the term for the instinctual movement of the Teleogryllus cricket away from the sound of the bat's echolocating call?
(a) Negative phototropism
(b) Negative Phonotaxis
(c) Positive phototropism
(d) Positive Phonotaxis
(b) Negative Phonotaxis
76) What is the behavioral term for a form of nonassociative learning where an animal is presented to a novel stimulus and, as a result, a partial or complete restoration of a habituated response occurs?
(a) Imprinting
(b) Habituation
(c) Sensitization
(d) Dishabituation
(e) Conditioning
(d) Dishabituation
77) What is the behavioral term for a form of nonassociative learning where there is an increase in an elicited behavior resulting from the repeated presentation of an eliciting stimulus, especially if that stimulus is noxious or harmful?
(a) Imprinting
(b) Habituation
(c) Sensitization
(d) Dishabituation
(e) Conditioning
(c) Sensitization
78) What is the term for a stable and long lasting response to an action potential by the receiving neuron caused by rapidly repeated strong stimulation? It is one process in memory formation.
(a) Long Term Potentiation
(b) Long Term Depression
(c) Neurogenesis
(d) Synaptic Remodeling
(a) Long Term Potentiation
79) Which event in memory formation involves both the gain and loss of the nervous structures used in memory formation/learning?
(a) Long Term Potentiation
(b) Synaptic Remodeling
(c) Neurogenesis
(d) Long Term Depression
(b) Synaptic Remodeling
80) Which supporting cells of the CNS may be playing a major role in memory formation, especially when sleeping?
(a) Microglia
(b) Oligodendrocytes
(c) Astrocytes
(d) Ependymal Cells
(c) Astrocytes
81) Sarah Newman determined that six regions of the mammalian brain interacted together to control social behaviors, especially those associated with reproduction. What did she call those interacting regions?
(a) Supraoptic Chiasma
(b) Social Behavioral Network
(c) Cerebral Nuclei
(d) Sulcus Limitans
(b) Social Behavioral Network
82) What is the term for a neuron or a neural network that produce rhythmic patterned motor outputs without requiring sensory feedback?
(a) Central Pattern Generator
(b) Sensory Reflex
(c) Motor Command
(d) Motor Reflex
(a) Central Pattern Generator
83) Which form of motor response is the most complex and allows for varying degrees of response?
(a) Central Pattern Generator
(b) Sensory Reflex
(c) Motor Command
(d) Motor Reflex
(c) Motor Command
84) Which class of hormone cannot cross the cell membrane and instead will bind to receptor proteins to cause an effect on the cell?
(a) Steroid Hormones
(b) Amine Hormones
(c) Both can
(d) Neither can
(b) Amine Hormones
85) Which type of effect of gonadal steroids is considered to be transient and are believed to coordinate behaviors, especially reproductive behaviors?
(a) Organizational Effect
(b) Activational Effect
(c) Seasonal Effect
(d) Reproductive Effect
(b) Activational Effect
86) Which two hormones play a role in precopulatory behavior of the female rat?
(a) Estrogen and Progesterone
(b) Estrogen and Testosterone
(c) Testosterone and Progesterone
(d) Progesterone and Cortisol
(a) Estrogen and Progesterone
87) There are a variety of ways to study how hormones influence behavior. What is the term for a study where the researcher manipulates the hormones of an animal and observes the behavioral changes which may result?
(a) Interventional Studies
(b) Correlational Studies
(c) Antihormone Studies
(d) Knocking Up Studies
(a) Interventional Studies
88) What is the term for a study to determine whether or not two variables (hormones and behaviors) are correlated?
(a) Interventional Studies
(b) Correlational Studies
(c) Antihormone Studies
(d) Knocking Up Studies
(b) Correlational Studies
89) What is the term for a chemical that can temporarily turn of the actions of a hormone?
(a) Hormonal Knockout
(b) Hormonal Knockdown
(c) Antihormone
(d) Regulatory Factor
(c) Antihormone
90) Which hypothesis states that alternate phenotypes that are developmentally fixed are due to organizational effects while those alternate phenotypes that are developmentally plastic are due to activational effects?
(a) Relative Plasticity Hypothesis
(b) Challenge Hypothesis
(c) Activational Hypothesis
(d) Organizational Hypothesis
(a) Relative Plasticity Hypothesis
91) Who came up with the hypothesis in question #90?
(a) Martha Lyon
(b) Sarah Newman
(c) Michael Moore
(d) Amotz Zahavi
(c) Michael Moore
92) In which reproductive pattern will there be a close association between gonadal activity and mating?
(a) Associated Reproductive Pattern
(b) Disassociated Reproductive Pattern
(c) Constant Reproductive Pattern
(a) Associated Reproductive Pattern
93) In which reproductive pattern does mating behavior not correspond with gonadal activity?
(a) Associated Reproductive Pattern
(b) Disassociated Reproductive Pattern
(c) Constant Reproductive Pattern
(b) Disassociated Reproductive Pattern
94) The social environment that an animal is in can affect behavior and hormone levels.
(a) True
(b) False
(a) True
95) Which hormone plays a role in avian parental patterns of behavior (ex; feeding the young)?
(a) Prolactin
(b) Estrogen
(c) Progesterone
(d) Oxtocin
(e) Thyroid Hormone
(a) Prolactin
96) Which hormone is responsible for the color changes between the parr stage and smolt stage in growing salmon?
(a) Prolactin
(b) Estrogen
(c) Progesterone
(d) Oxtocin
(e) Thyroid Hormone
(e) Thyroid Hormone
97) Which hormone in growing salmon allows the smolt to osmoregulate in freshwater?
(a) Prolactin
(b) Estrogen
(c) Progesterone
(d) Oxtocin
(e) Thyroid Hormone
(a) Prolactin
98) Which group of hormones can suppress mating in vertebrates that are under stress/exposed to harmful or noxious stimuli?
(a) Androgens
(b) Glucocorticoids
(c) Vasopressins
(d) Gonadocorticoids
(b) Glucocorticoids
99) A lack of a particular hormone can cause the atrophying of a physical structure resulting in the loss of a behavior.
(a) True
(b) False
(a) True
100) Which reproductive pattern do we see in our own species?
(a) Associated Reproductive Pattern
(b) Disassociated Reproductive Pattern
(c) Constant Reproductive Pattern
(c) Constant Reproductive Pattern