Chemistry Unit 3

what ending is used for cations?

ion

what ending is used for anions?

\-ide

what is an alloy?

a metallic substance composed of two or more elements

what is the atomic radius trend?

across a period it decreases, down a group it increases

what is atomic radius?

the radius of an atom that’s measured from the nucleus to the outermost electron.

how is zeff related to atomic radius?

it increases across a period and remains constant going down a group

how is shielding related to atomic radius?

it remains constant going across a period and increases going down a group.

what is the electronegativity trend?

across a period it increases, down a group it decreases

what is electronegativity?

the measure of an atom’s capacity to pull electrons in a chemical bond

how is zeff related to electronegativity?

it increases going across a period and remains constant going down a group

how is shielding related to electronegativity?

across a period it remains constant and increases going down a group

what is electron affinity?

the measure of energy released when an atom in the gas phase gains an electron

what is the trend of electron affinity?

across a period it increases, down a group it decreases

how does zeff relate to electron affinity?

across a period it increases

how does shielding relate to electron affinity?

down a group shielding increases

what is electron affinity reaction?

X(g)+e-→X-(g)

what is ionization energy?

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase

what is the first ionization energy trend?

across a period it increases, down a group it decreases

how is zeff related to first ionization energy?

across a period it increase and down a group it decreases

how is shielding related to first ionization energy?

across a period it remains constant and down a group it increases

what is ionizations reaction?

X(g)→X^+(g)+e-

periodicity

trends in a periodic table

what is zeff?

how well the nucleus of an atom can pull on the outermost electrons

what is shielding?

the ability for internal electrons to block the nucleus from pulling on the outermost electrons

what is the relationship between zeff and shielding?

when zeff increases shielding decreases and vice versa