3.10 Determining a Chemical Formula from Experimental Data

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10 Terms

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true

(true/false) Empirical formula can be determined from only mass percent composition.

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false

(true/false) Molecuar formula can be determined from only mass percent composition.

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molar mass

To obtain an empirical formula from experimental data:

  1. Write down masses of each element present in a sample of the compound.

  2. Convert each of the masses to moles by using the appropriate ____________ (mass number/molar mass/Avogadro’s number) for each element as a conversion factor.


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subscripts

To obtain an empirical formula from experimental data:

  1. Write down a pseudoformula for the compound using the number of moles of each element as _____________ (coefficients/subscripts).


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smallest

To obtain an empirical formula from experimental data:

  1. Divide all the subscripts in the formula by the ________ (smallest/largest) subscript.

  2. If the subscripts are not whole numbers, multiply the subscripts by a small whole number to get whole-number subscripts.


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empirical formula molar mass

sum of masses of all the atoms in the empirical formula

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molar mass

We can find the molecular formula of a compound from the empirical formula if we also know the __________ of the compound. The molecular formula is always a whole-number multiple of the empirical formula.

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combustion analysis

method of obtaining empirical formulas for unknown compounds, especially those containing carbon and hydrogen, by burning a sample of the compound in pure oxygen and analyzing products of combustion reaction

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C, H

When the sample experiences burning/complete combustion in a combustion analysis, all __ is converted to CO2 and all _ is converted to H2O. CO2 and H2O produced are weighed, masses produce numerical relationships between moles inherent in formulas of CO2 and H2O to determine the amounts of C and H in the original sample.

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subtracting

In combustion analysis, determine amounts of any other elemental constituents by ____________ (adding/subtracting) the sum of masses C and H from the original mass of the sample.