Experimental design: variables

Independent variable

The cause in an experiment that is manipulated or changed.

Dependent variable

The effect in an experiment that is being measured or observed.

First-hand data

A type of data collected directly by the individual conducting the research.

Second-hand data

A type of data obtained from sources other than the researcher.

Qualitative data

A type of data you collect that describes qualities or characteristics rather than quantities.

Quantitative data

A type of data you collect that is expressed in numerical terms.

Control

The element in an experiment that remains unchanged.

Aim

The purpose or objective of an experiment stated in a single statement.

Hypothesis

A prediction about the outcome of an experiment based on prior knowledge.

Results

The outcomes or findings of an experiment.

Materials

The items and equipment used to carry out an experiment.

Method

The procedure or steps followed to conduct an experiment.

Discussion

An interpretation and analysis of the results obtained in an experiment.

Conclusion

A summary of the findings, the support for the hypothesis, and implications for future research.

Observation

Using your senses to collect or record information.

Inference

An informed guess about observations you make.