Understanding the Self: Religion, Digital World, Learning, and Stress Management

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering religious belief systems, the digital self, metacognition and learning strategies, self-efficacy, and stress management theories and coping strategies.

What is animism?

The belief that non-human entities (animals, plants, inanimate objects) possess a spiritual essence or soul.

How is polytheism defined?

The worship of or belief in multiple deities or gods.

What is monotheism?

The belief in the existence of only one supreme God.

How is magic defined in the context of religious studies?

Methods that interface with the supernatural to manipulate or control events, forces, or nature to achieve specific outcomes.

What constitutes a ritual?

A formalized, stereotyped, and repetitive set of symbolic actions usually performed within a sacred context.

What is a myth?

Traditional stories, sacred narratives, or folklore that explain the origins, values, and worldview of a culture.

What role does a shaman hold?

A religious specialist, healer, or intermediary who is believed to have access to and influence in the spirit world.

What are ritual taboos?

Prohibitions or sacred restrictions against touching, eating, or doing certain actions to avoid supernatural punishment or ritual pollution.

What is exorcism?

The religious or spiritual practice of evicting demons, evil spirits, or entities from a person or place.

What is the digital self?

The persona, identity, and representation of an individual constructed and expressed through online environments and social media.

What does online self-presentation involve?

The process of controlling, curating, and managing how one is perceived and viewed by others online.

How is cyberbullying defined?

Bullying, harassment, or intimidation that takes place online via digital devices, platforms, and social media.

What is a digital footprint?

The trail, data, and traces of information left behind by a user's activity on the internet.

What is Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)?

An anxious apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent, often fueled by social media.

What is the online disinhibition effect?

The lack of restraint, filtered behavior, or social boundaries experienced by individuals when communicating online compared to face-to-face interactions.

What is metacognition?

"Thinking about thinking"; the process of understanding and monitoring one's own cognitive processes and learning strategies.

What does metacognitive knowledge refer to?

What individuals know about their own cognitive abilities, strategies available, and the nature of the task.

What is metacognitive regulation?

How an individual monitors, controls, and evaluates their own learning processes and adjusts strategies accordingly.

What is a fixed mindset?

The belief that intelligence, talents, and abilities are static, unchangeable traits.

What is a growth mindset?

The belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication, effort, and continuous learning.

What is Self-Regulated Learning (SRL)?

A proactive process where students metacognitively, motivationally, and behaviorally take charge of their own learning goals.

How did Albert Bandura define self-efficacy?

An individual's belief in their own capability to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.

What is the core principle of Edwin Locke's Goal-Setting Theory?

Specific, challenging goals combined with appropriate feedback lead to higher performance and motivation.

What is outcome expectancy?

A person's estimation that a given behavior will lead to certain outcomes.

Why are mastery experiences significant for self-efficacy?

They are the most effective way to build self-efficacy by successfully completing tasks and overcoming past challenges.

How do vicarious experiences influence self-efficacy?

They build self-efficacy by observing models or peers similar to oneself successfully perform a task.

How is stress defined?

The physical, emotional, and cognitive response to demands, pressures, or threatening environmental events (stressors).

What are the three stages of Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

Alarm reaction, Resistance, and Exhaustion.

What is the primary focus of Viktor Frankl's Logotherapy?

A psychotherapy approach focused on the "will to meaning" as the primary motivational force in humans.

What are coping strategies?

Behavioral and psychological efforts used to master, tolerate, or minimize stressful events.

What is problem-focused coping?

Direct actions aimed at altering or managing the source of the stress itself.

What is emotion-focused coping?

Regulatory strategies aimed at managing or reducing the emotional distress associated with a stressor.

What is self-care?

Intentional activities and practices undertaken to maintain physical, mental, and emotional health and prevent burnout.

What guidelines should individuals consider before posting stories or content online?

Consider whether the post is necessary, if there is a real benefit, whether it is funny, warm-hearted, or teachable versus making noise without purpose, and whether unresolved family or parent/child issues are being shared publicly.

Animism

The belief that non-human entities (animals, plants, inanimate objects) possess a spiritual essence or soul.

Polytheism

The worship of or belief in multiple deities or gods.

Monotheism

The belief in the existence of only one supreme God.

Magic

Methods that interface with the supernatural to manipulate or control events, forces, or nature to achieve specific outcomes.

Ritual

A formalized, stereotyped, and repetitive set of symbolic actions usually performed within a sacred context.

Myth

Traditional stories, sacred narratives, or folklore that explain the origins, values, and worldview of a culture.

Shaman

A religious specialist, healer, or intermediary who is believed to have access to and influence in the spirit world.

Ritual Taboo

Prohibitions or sacred restrictions against touching, eating, or doing certain actions to avoid supernatural punishment or ritual pollution.

Exorcism

The religious or spiritual practice of evicting demons, evil spirits, or entities from a person or place.

Digital Self

The persona, identity, and representation of an individual constructed and expressed through online environments and social media.

Self-Presentation

The process of controlling, curating, and managing how one is perceived and viewed by others online.

Cyberbullying

Bullying, harassment, or intimidation that takes place online via digital devices, platforms, and social media.

Digital Footprint

The trail, data, and traces of information left behind by a user's activity on the internet.

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)

An anxious apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent, often fueled by social media.

Online Disinhibition Effect

The lack of restraint, filtered behavior, or social boundaries experienced by individuals when communicating online compared to face-to-face interactions.

Metacognition

"Thinking about thinking"; the process of understanding and monitoring one's own cognitive processes and learning strategies.

Metacognitive Knowledge

What individuals know about their own cognitive abilities, strategies available, and the nature of the task.

Metacognitive Regulation

How an individual monitors, controls, and evaluates their own learning processes and adjusts strategies accordingly.

Fixed Mindset

The belief that intelligence, talents, and abilities are static, unchangeable traits.

Growth Mindset

The belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication, effort, and continuous learning.

Self-Regulated Learning (SRL)

A proactive process where students metacognitively, motivationally, and behaviorally take charge of their own learning goals.

Self-Efficacy (Albert Bandura)

An individual's belief in their own capability to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.

Goal-Setting Theory (Edwin Locke)

The principle that specific, challenging goals combined with appropriate feedback lead to higher performance and motivation.

Outcome Expectancy

A person's estimation that a given behavior will lead to certain outcomes.

Mastery Experiences

The most effective way to build self-efficacy by successfully completing tasks and overcoming past challenges.

Vicarious Experiences

Building self-efficacy by observing models or peers similar to oneself successfully perform a task.

Stress

The physical, emotional, and cognitive response to demands, pressures, or threatening environmental events (stressors).

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS - Hans Selye)

The three-stage physiological response to stress: Alarm reaction, Resistance, and Exhaustion.

Logotherapy (Viktor Frankl)

A psychotherapy approach focused on the "will to meaning" as the primary motivational force in humans.

Coping Strategies

Behavioral and psychological efforts used to master, tolerate, or minimize stressful events.

Problem-Focused Coping

Direct actions aimed at altering or managing the source of the stress itself.

Emotion-Focused Coping

Regulatory strategies aimed at managing or reducing the emotional distress associated with a stressor.

Self-Care

Intentional activities and practices undertaken to maintain physical, mental, and emotional health and prevent burnout.