Introduction to Physiology & Homeostasis
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25 Terms
THE BASIC ORGANISATION OF THE BODY
chemicals
cells
tissues
organs
body systems
organism
Cell
Basic unit of life
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
4 tissue types
- Muscle (contraction)
- Nervous (transmitting electrical impulses)
- Epithelial (exchanging materials between cells and their environment)
- Connective (Connects, supports and anchors body parts (tendons, bones, blood)
organs
Groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions
body systems
groups of organs interacting together to perform activities essential for the survival of the whole body
organism
A living thing
Body systems list
Skeletal
Muscular
Cardiovascular
Nervous
Endocrine
Respiratory
Renal/Urinary
cardiovascular system
Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones to tissues, removes waste products
respiratory system
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood
Renal/Urinary
Removes waste products from the blood, regulate volume and pH of blood and tissue fluid
skeletal system
- Supports the body
- Protects internal organs
- Provides a framework to be moved by muscles
Muscular System
- Moves the skeleton
- Produces heat
nervous system
- Interprets sensory information
- Regulate body functions (e.g. movement) by means of electrochemical impulses
endocrine system
- Regulates body functions (e.g. growth, reproduction) by means of hormones
- Regulates day-to-day metabolism
intracellular fluid (ICF)
fluid within cells (40% of body weight)
contains nutrients and ions needed by cells to maintain life
extracellular fluid (ECF)
fluid outside cells (20% of body weight)
Environment that cells live in
contains nutrients and ions needed by cells to maintain life
how are different compositions maintained between ICF and ECF?
Semi - permeable membranes
cells plasma membrane
Blood Plasma
ECF within blood vessels
interstitial fluid
fluid between cells
Homeostasis
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Homeostasis positive feedback
- Childbirth
- Blood Clotts
Homeostasis negative Feedback
- Internal body temperature
- Concentrations of nutrient molecules, water, salt, electrolytes
- Concentrations of O2 and CO2
- Concentration of waste products
- pH - Blood pressure
BMI formula
weight (kg) / height^2 (m^2)
BMI classifications
underweight: <18.5
normal: 18.5-24.9
overweight: 25-29.9
obese class I : 30 - 34.9
obses class II: 35 - 39.9
obese class III > 40
