Equine Wellness Programs Chapter 5

What are the 5 core diseases?

[WNV] West Nile Virus

[EEE] Eastern Equine Encephalitis

[WEE] Western Equine Encephalitis

Rabies

Tetanus

What are live vaccines?

altered versions of the infecting agent

ex: modified live vaccines (MLV)

recombinant vector vaccines.

what are killed vaccines?

unable to replicate within the horse, vaccines must be given multiple times for protection

Ex: rabies

flu shot

What temp does vaccines need to be stored?

35-45 F

what is Borborygmi ?

gut sounds

Injection sites- Intramuscular (IM) Injection Sites

Triangle of the Neck: cervical vertebrae, the nuchal ligament and the front edge of the scapula

What other location can vaccines and injections be given?

pectoral area, between the semi membranous and semi tendinous

Frequency of Vaccination

Broodmares vaccinated:

Foals require:

4 -6 weeks before foaling

3 vaccinations for full protection (two weeks before the possible exposure to pathogen)

Tetanus Toxoid vs Tetanus Antitoxin

Toxoid: Inactive version of the toxin > leads to long-term active immunity

Antitoxin: Contains antibodies > leads to short-term prevention and emergency treatment

what causes tetanus?

neurotoxin derived from anaerobic, spore forming bacterium in the soil

Rabies

fatal viral neurological disease of humans and animal

furious rabies and paralytic (dumb) rabies

common carriers
raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes

normally bitten on lower limbs and works its way up neurons

Risk Based Diseases

may cause illness and loss of productivity in infected horses

Vaccinations for Prevention of Risk‐Based Diseases

Influenza

Equine herpesvirus

Strangles

Rotavirus

Equine herpesvirus (EHV)

Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV 1) > respiratory disease, abortions, and neurological disease

Equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) > can cause respiratory disease and rarely abortions.

What happens to a horse that previous had strangles?

immune media vasculitis/ Purpura Hemorrhagica