Urinary System Anatomy and Urine Analysis

Vocabulary flashcards covering renal blood supply, kidney anatomical structures, bladder muscle, and urinalysis findings based on lecture material.

Glycosuria

Presence of glucose in the urine, often indicative of diabetes mellitus.

Ketonuria

Presence of compounds in the urine, indicating abnormal fat metabolism.

Hematuria

Presence of erythrocytes in the urine.

Albuminuria

Presence of protein in the urine, indicating kidney dysfunction or damage.

Hemoglobinuria

Presence due to hemolysis or breakdown of red blood cells.

Pyuria

Presence of leukocytes in the urine, suggesting urinary tract infection or inflammation.

Arcuate artery

Artery that forms an arch along the corticomedullary junction.

Afferent arteriole

Artery that carries blood into the glomerulus.

Cortical Radiate artery

Artery that supplies blood to the renal cortex.

Interlobar artery

Artery that travels between the renal pyramids.

Renal artery

Artery that branches off from the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the kidney.

Segmental artery

Artery that branches off from the renal artery and enters the hilum.

Glomerulus

Tuft of capillaries involved in blood filtration.

Efferent arteriole

Artery that carries blood away from the glomerulus.

Detrusor

The muscle making up the bladder wall.

Major calyces

Extensions of the renal pelvis that collect urine from the minor calyces.

Renal pyramids

Medullary structures containing nephron loops and collecting ducts.

Renal pelvis

Central collecting chamber where urine is collected before entering the ureter.

Papilla

Tip of the renal pyramid where urine is expelled into the renal pelvis.

Renal columns

Extensions of cortical tissue between the renal pyramids.

Minor calyces

Small cup-like structures that collect urine from the renal papillae.