04 Barrett Esophagus
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11 Terms
What is Barrett esophagus?
Replacement of normal distal esophageal stratified squamous epithelium with metaplastic columnar epithelium.
What causes Barrett esophagus?
Chronic exposure to acid and bile reflux causes injury and metaplastic transformation.
What cancer risk is increased by Barrett esophagus?
Esophageal adenocarcinoma.
What is the most common risk factor for Barrett esophagus?
Chronic GERD.
What other risk factors are associated with Barrett esophagus?
Male sex, especially white males; age over 50; obesity; tobacco use; and family history of Barrett esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma.
What is the gold standard for diagnosing Barrett esophagus?
Upper endoscopy with systematic biopsy.
How is Barrett esophagus managed?
Acid suppression with PPIs, endoscopic eradication therapy when indicated, weight reduction, and smoking cessation.
What test detects dysplasia and early neoplasia in Barrett esophagus?
Endoscopy.
When is endoscopic ultrasound important in Barrett esophagus?
When nodularity or cancer is suspected, to assess invasion and regional lymph nodes.
What lifestyle changes are recommended for Barrett esophagus?
Weight reduction and smoking cessation.
Can a barium esophagram confirm Barrett esophagus?
No; it cannot diagnose Barrett esophagus histologically