Other periodic table groups

Getting good study habits

What is the name of group 2?

Alkaline earth metals (highlighted green)

What are some characteristics of alkaline earth metals?

They are shiny, soft, and highly reactive

Why are alkaline earth metals so reactive?

Because they have two valence electrons, making it easy to become an ion

What are transition metals?

Groups 3-12 (highlighted yellow)

What are some characteristics of transition metals?

They are lustrous, hard, strong, they have a high density, they are malleable and ductile, good conductors for electricity and heat, and they have a high melting and boiling point

What does lustrous mean?

Bright and shiny

What does malleable mean?

It can be bent and pressed into different shapes

What does ductile mean?

It can be drawn into wires

What is the one exception of the transition metals having a high melting and boiling point?

Mercury, it is liquid at room temperature

Are transition metals less or more reactive than the alkali metals?

Much less reactive

True or false: Transition metals are dull

False

True or false: Transition metals properties are similar to alkali metals properties

False, but could be arguably true

True or false: Transition metals and harder and stronger than alkali metals

True

True or false: Transition metals are good at conducting heat

True

True or false: Transition metals are soft and easy to cut with a knife

False

True or false: Transition metals make good electrical cables

True

What are metalloids?

Elements that are halfway between metals and non-metals (highlighted green)

What state are metalloids at room temperature?

Solid

How do metalloids react?

In some ways like metals and in some ways like non-metals

Are metalloids conductors?

Semi-conductors

What elements classify as metalloids?

Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and astatine

What is the difference between silicone and silicon?

Silicone is a type plastic and silicon is an element

What group are the halogens in?

Group 17 (highlighted yellow)

What does halogen mean?

Salt former

Are halogens very reactive or not reactive at all?

Very reactive

What are some characteristics of halogens?

They are toxic and harmful, they are non-metals, they do not conduct electricity, and they are brittle and crumbly when solid

Why are halogens so toxic and harmful?

Because of how reactive they are

Why are halogens so reactive?

Because they have 7 valence electron, which means all they need to do to become ions is gain one electron

Are halogens naturally found in nature?

No because they are so reactive

What do halogens react well with?

Alkali

When halogens react with alkali, what does it form?

Salts

What do halogens smell like?

Breathing halogen vapours in could kill you since they are so toxic, but halogens smell very bad

What group does astatine belong to?

It is both a halogen and a metalloid

What are all the halogens?

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine

What is a pattern in the halogens as you go down the group?

They become darker in colour going down the group and the melting and boiling point gets higher as you go down the group

What is fluorine often used for?

Sodium fluoride to clean your teeth

What colour is fluorine?

A pale yellow (lighter than the picture)

What was chlorine used for during the holocaust?

Gas chambers

What is chlorine often used for now?

Cleaning pools and hot tubs

What colour is chlorine?

Green/yellow

What colour is bromine?

Red/brown

What was iodine used for?

Before antiseptics were a thing, it was used to clean wounds

What colour is iodine?

Dark grey (left tube)

What colour is astatine?

Black

What is the symbol for fluroine?

F

What is the symbol for chlorine?

Cl

What is the symbol for bromine?

Br

What is the symbol for iodine?

I

What is the symbol for astatine?

At

What is the melting point for fluorine in ºC?

-220

What is the melting point for chlorine in ºC?

-100

What is the melting point for bromine in ºC?

-7

What is the melting point for iodine in ºC?

120

What is the melting point for astatine in ºC?

302

What is the boiling point for fluorine in ºC?

-180

What is the boiling point for chlorine in ºC?

-34

What is the boiling point for bromine in ºC?

59

What is the boiling point for iodine in ºC?

190

What is the boiling point for astatine in ºC?

337

What is the vapour colour of fluorine?

Pale yellow

What is the vapour colour of chlorine?

Yellow/green

What is the vapour colour of bromine?

Red/brown

What is the vapour colour of iodine?

Dark purple

What is the vapour colour of astatine?

Black

What state is fluorine at 20ºC?

Gas

What state is chlorine at 20ºC?

Gas

What state is bromine at 20ºC?

Liquid

What state is iodine at 20ºC?

Solid

What state is astatine at 20ºC?

Solid

Why does the reactivity of halogens decrease as you go down the group?

The atoms with less shells are more reactive. It is easier to gain an electron if the atom has less shells because it is easier to attract an electron. The reason it is easier to attract and electron is because the distance between the nucleus and the valence shell is smaller, so the pull electrons feel is stronger.

What group are the noble gases in?

Group 18 (highlighted in red)

Are noble gases reactive or unreactive?

Very unreactive

What state are noble gases in at room temperature?

Gas

What colour are noble gases?

Colourless

Why are noble gases called noble?

Because they have similar properties to "noble metals" (gold, platinum, silver)

Why are noble gases unreactive?

They have a full valence shell

Do noble gases form bond?

Not usually

What does monatomic mean?

They exist as individual atoms

What does diatomic mean?

Two atoms of the same element that bond together as a molecule

What is an example of a diatomic element?

Oxygen (O2 means two oxygen atoms bonded together)

Are noble gases diatomic or monotomic?

Monotomic

What are the noble gases?

Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon