2.6: Retrieving memories & 2.7: Forgetting and memory challenges

Retrieval cues

Prompts or stimuli that help you access information stored in your long-term memory

Priming

Activation of particular associations (like sight, taste, or smell) that are connected with memory to help with retrieval

Context-dependent memory

Putting yourself in the context brings back memories from that locationn

State-dependent memory

What’s learned in one state can more easily be remembered in the same cognitive state

Mood-congruent memory

Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with our current mood

Amnesia

A partial or total loss of memory

Retrograde amnesia

Losing previously made memories while still being able to make new ones

Anterograde amnesia

Being unable to make new memories but still remembering old ones

Tip of the tongue phenomenon

The inability to retrieve a specific piece of information paired with a frustrated feeling that retrieval is imminent

False memories (aka Mandela Effect)

Memory of an event or piece of information that’s untrue

Source amnesia

Misattribution of the origin, time, or place of memories

Reconsolidation

Previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again

Misinformation effect

When person’s memory of an event becomes less accurate because of misleading information

Deja vu

False sense that “I’ve experienced this before”

Proactive interference

Disruptive effect of old information interferes with learning new information

Retroactive interference

Disruptive effect of new learning on recall of old information