MIDTERM ENGLISH

(pivdets)

assertiveness

The quality of being self-assured and confident without being aggressive.

(Assertiveness involves communicating one's needs and opinions openly and respectfully).

jeopardise

To put something at risk or in danger of loss or harm.

to bring smb up to date

To inform someone of the latest developments or changes regarding a situation.

to indicate

To point out or show something clearly, often through signs or signals.

to point out

To draw attention to a specific fact or detail.

to retail

To sell goods directly to consumers in small quantities.

retail park

An out-of-town shopping area featuring large stores and customer parking.

superstore

A large out-of-town retail store (under 30,000 square metres) with customer parking.

hypermarket

A very large retail store that combines a supermarket and a department store, offering a wide variety of goods and services.

outlet

A retail store that sells products at discounted prices, typically including overstocked or surplus items from manufacturers.

department store

A large retail establishment that sells a wide range of consumer goods, organized into departments, including clothing, household items, and electronics.

chain

A retail business with multiple locations offering similar products and services, often under the same brand.

chain store

A type of retail chain that operates multiple locations, typically selling the same products and services with a unified brand image.

retail store

A business that sells goods directly to consumers, typically operating in a physical location or online.

retail chain

A group of retail stores under the same brand name or ownership, offering similar products and services at multiple locations.

bricks-and-clicks retailer

A retail business that combines a physical store presence with an online shopping platform, allowing customers to shop both in-store and online.

corner shop/convenience store

A small local store selling everyday essentials, often with extended opening hours.

mom-and-pop store

A small, independently owned business with few employees.

specialist retailer/specialty store

A store specializing in one type of product.

brick-and-mortar retailer

A business that sells products in physical stores rather than online.

warehouse club store

A large shop where members buy products in bulk(оптом) at lower prices.

storefront

The outside front of a shop.

customer service

Helping customers and answering their questions.

Store associate/Retail assistant

A person who helps customers in a shop.

Merchandise

Products that a shop sells.

Stock (In-stock/Out-of-stock)

Products that a shop has available. (In-stock - Available to buy.
Out-of-stock - Not available because it has been sold out).

Refund

Money returned to a customer.

Coupon

A document or code that gives a discount.

Cash register / Register

A machine used to record sales and payments.

Store flyer / Circular

A printed advertisement showing products and special offers.

Checkout counter

The place where customers pay for products.

Aisle

A passage between shelves in a shop.

Immersive

Giving you the feeling of being inside an experience.

Augmented reality (AR)

Technology that adds digital images to the real world.

Convergence

Different technologies or things coming together.

Frictionless

Easy and smooth, without problems.

Ease

To make something less difficult.

Up to your eyeballs with something

Having too much of something.

Enhance

To improve something.

Seamless

Smooth and without interruptions.

e-commerce

Buying and selling products online.

Convenience

Something that makes life easier. (зручність)

Personalisation

Making something suitable for each customer.

Growth potential

The possibility to become bigger or more successful.

Transaction fee

Money paid for making a transaction.

Customisation

Changing something to suit your needs.

Payment gateway

A system that processes online payments.

to anticipate

to expect something before it happens (передбачати)

to modify

to change something slightly (to adjust)

to persuade

to make someone agree or do something (переконувати)

Marketing. 4 Cs

Customer needs

Cost

Convenience

Communication

Marketing. 4 Ps

Product

Price

Place

Promotion

Unbranded

A product without a brand name

Intangible assets

Things without physical form that have value, like a brand or reputation.

Brand identity

The way a company wants people to see its brand.

Competitor

A company selling similar products.

Consumer behaviour

The way people choose and buy products.

Offline marketing

Advertising through traditional methods, not the internet.

Company blog

A website where a company publishes articles and information.

Email marketing

Sending promotional messages to customers by email.

Search engine optimisation (SEO)

Improving a website’s position in Google search results.

Billboard advertising

Advertising on large outdoor posters.

Pay-per-click advertising (PPC)

Online advertising where companies pay for each click.

Cold calling

Calling people who have not asked to be contacted.

Word of mouth

People recommending products to other people. (ото сарафанне радіо Люська сказала на базарі файні мешти нині продають)

Viral marketing

Marketing that spreads quickly between people online.

Direct mail

Sending advertising materials directly to people’s homes.

Trade advertising

Advertising products to other businesses.

Brochure

A small booklet with information about products or services.

Press release

An official announcement sent to the media.

Limited-time offer

A special offer available only for a short period.

Loyalty scheme

A programme that rewards regular customers.

Line-filling

adding more products to an existing product range.

Optional features

extra features customers can choose.

Cash discounts

lower prices for paying immediately.

Credit terms

conditions for paying later.

Going-rate

setting prices similar to competitors.

List price

the official price of a product.

Market penetration

setting a low price to attract customers.

Prestige pricing

setting high prices to make a product look luxurious.

Market skimming

setting a high price for a new product.

Franchising

allowing others to use your brand and business model.

Inventory

the products a company has in stock.

Market coverage

how much of a market a company reaches.

Points of sale

places where customers buy products.

Vending machines

machines that sell products automatically. (автомати)

Wholesaling

selling products in large quantities to retailers.

Commercials

short advertisements, usually on TV or radio.

Free samples

products given to customers for free to try.

Mailings

promotional materials sent to customers.

Personal selling

selling products through direct communication.

Publicity

public attention received by a company or product.

Sponsorship

supporting an event or person financially to promote a brand.

Upmarket

Expensive and designed for wealthy customers.

Sophisticated

Modern, stylish and advanced. (витончений)

Durable

Strong and able to last a long time.

Inexpensive

cheap

Well-made

Made with good quality and care.

brand loyalty

Always buying the same brand.

Brand stretching

Using an existing brand name for a new type of product.