Unit 2: Exploration and Early Colonization

expedition

journey made for a special purpose

conquistador

one who attempts to conquer, to take over the Americas

1519 "Texas"

Alonso Alvarez de Pineda explores and maps the Texas coastline

Alonso Alvarez de Pineda

explored and mapped the Texas coastline, which led to colonization of Texas

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

first landed in Florida but left after coming across hostile Indians; sailed along the coast in rafts trying to reach Mexico but landed off the coast of Texas, on Galveston Island; he is among the first Europeans to explore Texas and lived among the Native Americans in Texas and Northern Mexico; after exploring, went to Mexico and told Spanish leaders the story of the cities of gold

Francisco Coronado

Spanish explorer who traveled north from Mexico through Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Oklahoma into Kansas looking for the fabled Seven Cities of Gold

God, Gold, Glory

reasons for exploration

Catholicism

Spaniards wanted Native populations to follow this religion

settlement

a place where people live when they first arrive in an area that is new to them

Sieur de LaSalle

explored the lower Mississippi River and claimed what is now Louisiana for France around 1683

Fort St. Louis

settlement built by members of the La Salle expedition possibly near Garcitas Creek in Texas

La Belle

French explorer (La Salle) ship that ran aground on the Texas coast

colony

a territory ruled by another nation and settled by people of that nation

de Pineda

Who created the first map of Texas in 1519?

La Salle

Who claimed all of Louisiana for France?

Gold, God, Glory

What were the three reasons for Spanish exploration, known as the 3 g's

Coronado

Cabeza De Vaca walks for two years through harsh terrain and makes it to Mexico City with tales of Cities of Gold, which explorer will lead an expedition to find the Cities of Gold?

Age of Contact

Cortes captures Mexico city in 1519, Pineda maps the Texas Coastline in 1519, and Coronado looks for Cibola a city of Gold rumored by Cabeza De Vaca. What Era are all these events from in Texas History?

Cibola

What was the legendary name of one of the 7 cities of Gold which was told by Cabeza De Vaca?

Cabeza De Vaca

Which conquistador was shipwrecked near Galveston Island on a raft an wrote about his adventures called Relacion?

Spain

What country was the first to fly their flag over Texas?

France

What country with the help of La Salle built Ft. St. Louis?

Coronado

Which conquistador was searching for Cibola, a legendary city of gold and passed through the Texas panhandle?

Cabeza De Vaca

Which conquistador explored Texas in 1528 after he was shipwrecked?

Spanish

Who explored during the 1500's?

Cortes

conquistador who conquered the Aztec civilization, shipped vast amounts of gold back to Spain, and influenced more exploration in the Americas

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Disease

______________________________ was a significant impact on the native Americans during exploration

1519 "Mexico"

In what year did Cortes conquer the Aztecs and Pineda map the Texas coast?

Columbus

Who discovered the new world in 1492 and started the age of exploration?

Reason for Columbus Expedition?

Find new water route to Asia

New Spain

After the defeat of the Aztecs, it was a Spanish colony. Its capital was Mexico City.

Onate

Explored El Paso to New Mexico. Punished for harsh treatment of Natives.

Mission System

To keep the French out of Texas.

To strengthen Spanish claim to Texas.

To spread Christianity to the Natives.

To teach the Natives about Spanish culture.

Missions; Friars

Missions would be founded by friars.

The friars would invite the natives to live in the missions.

The friars would teach the Natives:

Christianity, the Spanish language and the customs.

The goal was to convert the Natives into Christians and good Spanish subjects.

The process would take ten years.

Presidio System

Presidios were forts built to protect the missions.

Presidios would: Defend the Missions from angry Natives.

Control the Native in the Missions.

Soldiers from the Presidios would catch Natives that would try to escape.

The Spanish government would pay for starting the missions and Presidios.

The missions were supposed to become self supporting.

Corpus Christi de Ysleta

Founded in 1682

Built near present day El Paso

Built to serve Tiguas

Oldest mission in Texas

San Francisco de los Tejas

First mission built in East Texas in 1690.

It was established by Father Damien Massenet and Alonso de Leon.

Built to serve the Cad-do Indians.

The Cad-do rejected Spanish ways, and many Indians died of Spanish diseases.

The Spanish destroyed this mission.

San Antonio de Valero (The Alamo)

Founded in 1718

Built in present day San Antonio.

It was built as a half way point in between the Rio Grande and East Texas.

Commonly known as the Alamo.

A presidio would be built near by San Antonio de Bexar and is now the Alamo.

Problems in Missions

Diseases- Indians were dying from diseases brought over by the Spanish.

Rejection- Indians were rejecting the Spanish culture.

Different Uses- The Indians often used the missions for housing and protection and where not interested in Spanish culture.

Presidio problems

Soldiers were not treated well or paid well and were not given the correct supplies.

The Spanish Legacy (culture)

Ranching- The ranching industry is huge in Texas and came from the Spanish.

Spanish Language- The language is still a part of Texas today. Almost every major river in Texas has a Spanish name.

Francisco Hidalgo

Spanish Colonial Era. Established six missions in East Texas. Worked and traveled with St. Denis. Also came up with the idea of the Los Adaes.

Decline (Presidio and Mission System)

In 1763, France gave the Spanish Louisiana.

France had lost the seven year war with Great Britain (The French and Indian war in the U.S.

Texas was not the edge of New Spain.

Marquis de Rubi said the system was to far stretched. He would recommend that most of the missions and Presidios be closed. Spanish closed all the missions except the ones in San Antonio, and La Bahia.

Fray Damian Massanet

Spanish friar that established the first mission in East Texas the San Francisco de los Tejas.

Margil de Jesus

A Franciscan missionary who founded the most successful Spanish mission in Texas, San Jose de Agustin in San Antonio.

Jose Escandon

From Spain, and started many towns and colonies in Mexico near the Rio Grande. He is also known as the Father of the Lower Rio Grande Valley.

What was the first significance of San Antonio's location

It's location midway between the rio grande and east Texas made supplying the missions easier

What is Tejano? Today?

A Tejano is a person of Mexican descent living in Texas. Tejano culture in architecture, food, language, etc.

MESTIZO

term used in Mexico to describe a person of mixed Native American and Spanish blood

El Camino Real

"Royal Road" that led from East Texas missions to Mexico City

1718

The year San Antonio de Valero was formed

La Bahia

it was the first established at the ruins of LaSalles's Fort St. Louis and later moved to the present day town of Goliad

Mission San Juan Bautista

Known as the "Mother of Texas Missions", it provided grain, cattle and horses to the missionaries on expeditions to East Texas

San Antonio

1718 is an important date in TX History because this city was founded

What began the Spanish Colonial Era?

In the late 1690s, the Spanish decided to build settlements in New Spain to protect their claim

CHARACTERISTICS OF MISSIONS

Built near rivers - Included churches, dormitories, workrooms, barns, gardens, wells, kitchens• - Run by Catholic friars and priests

What Native Group lived in the dry lands of south Texas?

Coahuiltecans

Native Americans

Molcajete was introduced by

Spanish

Catholicism was introduced by

Native Americans (karankawa)

Canoes was introduced by

Spanish

Cattle was introduced by