muscle tissue

functions of muscular tissue

producing body movements, stabilizing body positions, storing and mobilizing substances within the body, generating heat

muscle cell membran is called a

sarcolemma

what are myofibrils

a rod like protein structures inside each muscle cell that are responsible for contraction

sarcomere

sections that repeat inside the rod-myofibril, forming striations

what are the structures within structures in skeletal muscles starting with myofibril

myofibril, muscle fiber, muscle fascicle, skeletal muscle

muscular atrophy vs hypertrophy

atrophy: decrease in cell size due to loss of myofibrils

hypertrophy: increase of cell size

organelles unique to muscle cells

sarcoplasmic recticulum- smooth er that also stores calcium

myoglobin- protein that bind to oxygen, gives the muscles its red colour

glycogen granules- chains of glucose used to store atp

perimysium

connective tissue that connects/groups fascicles together

endomysium

connective tissue that connects the muscle cells together, wraps around insividula fober

skeletal vs cardiac vs smooth

cardiac- striated, electrical excitability, involuntary pump blood in heart

smooth- tapered a the end in cells, no stripes, involuntary found in GI tracts, blood vessels

skeletal- voluntary, striated, multi-nucleated, move bone, attaches to bone

mysosin

thick filament, contractile protein

actin

thin fillament, contactile prootein, has myosin binding site for binding during contractions

troponin

binding site for calcium, “button” to move tropomyosin, regulatory protein

tropomyosin

titin

elastic springlike protein that allows sarcomere to bounce back (muscles relax/expand) SO there is no complicated process to de-contract

dystrophin

define motor unit

a motor unit is a somatic neuron connected to a couple muscle fibers

how are motor units recruited

muscle tone

isotonic vs isomeric muscle contractions

CP metabolism

anaerobic glycolysis metabolism

aerobic respiration

smooth muscle physiology

cardiac muscle physiology

slow oxidative fiber skeletal

fast glycolytic fiber skeletal