wine class

Grape Most Used to make Wine

vitis vinifera

three styles of wine

still, sparkling, fortified

what is wine

wine is an alcoholic beverage made with the fermented juice of grapes

what is the formula of the fermentation reaction

yeast + sugar = alcohol + co2 + byproducts

malic acid to buttery flavour

malolactic conversion

lees

dead yeast cells, occurs when alcohol levels are too high

red wine grapes : ccmpsgmg

cabernet sauvignon

cabernet franc

merlot

pinot noir

syrah

grenache

malbec

gamay

white wine grapes: crsgspc

chardonnay

reisling

sauvignon blanc

gerwurtztraminer

semillion

pinot gris

chenin blanc

french wine regions

loire valley, champagne, alsace, burgundy, rhone valley, provence, bordelais

key red grapes of france

merlot, cabernet sauvignon, cabernet franc, grenanche, syrah, pinot noir

key white grapes of france

chardonnay, sauvignon blanc. chenin blanc, reisling

3 french growing climates

Mediterranean, continental, maritime

Mediterranean

sunny, little rain in growing season

Continental

warm to hot summers. cool to cold winters

Maritime

High humidity, rain, ocean

Left Bank of Bordeaux

Haut-Medoc, Sauternes

Right Bank of Bordeaux

St.Emilion, Pomerol

Left Bank Vs Right Bank

LB - Gravel, Cabernet Sauvignon

RB - Clay, Merlot

french wine certification 1935

AOC- Appellation dOrigine Controlee

french legal certification for agricultural products

1855 Classification

Classification for french bordeaux wine

Botrytis

Fungus

Burgundy key areas

Chablis, Cote d’Or

Collective knowledge of cultural winemaking practice, soil and climate

Terroir

when berries change colour

Veraison

Loire - Loire Valley

Loire River from Atlantic ocean to the center of France

Loire Valley - Touraine

Chenin Blanc, Sauvigon Blanc, Cabernet Franc

Loire Valley - Central Vineyards

Sauvignon Blanc

Chenin Blanc

Dry White (Vouvray), Off Dry and Sweet.

Green apple, Pear, Honey, Floral

Sauvignon Blanc

Dominant grape in Loire, Bone dry white. Sancerre, Pouilly-fume

Cabernet Franc

Dominant Red Grape of Loire

GRAPHITE

Alsace

region. dry contintental climate. Dry, Sweet, Sparkling and White

Noble Grapes Of Alsace

Riesling, Gewurztraminer. Pinot Gris, Muscat

Northern Rhone

Continental. Syrah

Southern Rhone

Mediterranean, grenache, syrah

Syrah

Only black grape used in Northern Rhone. Protect from wind

Provence (Rose)

Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, gently pressed

Phylloxera

Louse from north america

Jules Emile Planchon

Solved Phylloxera through grafting

how to bottle bubbles

secondary fermentation in bottle, fermentation in tank

Sparkling Wines

traditional- Champagne, Cava, English Sparkling wine

tank - prosecco, moscato

Steps of Traditional Sparkling Wine Production

Cuvee, Tirage, Aging, Riddling,Disorging,Dosage

Steps Of Tank Sparkling WIne

base wine in tank, filtered, dosage

Champagne

496 CE, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier, Vintage or Non Vintage

Grapes of Southern Italy, Sicily and Sardinia

Red: Aglianico, Nero d’Avola, Montelpilciano, Nerello Mascalese White: Carricante

Campania