AP Bio Unit 2

prokaryotic cell

no membrane bound nucleus

are prokaryotic cells single or multicellular

single celled

are prokaryotic cells bigger and younger or smaller and older

smaller and older

eukaryotic cells

contain a membrane bound nucleus

are eukaryotic cells bigger and younger or smaller and older

bigger and younger

are eukaryotic cells single or multicellular

both

eukaryotic and prokaryotic have both

DNA/RNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosome

what kind of dna do eukaryotic cells have

linear chromosomes

what kind of dna do prokaryotic cells have

single, circular chromosome (nucleoid)

prokaryotic cells have a

cell wall made of peptidoglycan; some have a glycocalyx

glycocalyx organized well is a

capsule

glycocalyx organized not well is

easily removed; slime layer

prokaryotic cells are found in

bacteria and archaea

eukaryotic cells are found in

plants, animals, fungi, and protists

cell wall

additional boundary found in plant cells and some bacterial cells. made of cellulose in plants and peptidoglycan in bacteria

dna is found in

plants and animals

cell membranes are found in

both plants and animals

centrioles are found in

animal cells

lysosomes are found in

animal cells

large central vacuole are found in

plant cells

mitochondria are found in

both plants and animals

chloroplasts are found in

plant cells

nucleus

the control center of the cell that stores dna

chloroplast

site of photosynthesis in plant cell

cell membrane

boundary found in all cells; composed of a lipid bilayer

mitochondria

converts sugars into ATP energy in all cells; helps with cellular respiration

cytoskeleton

provides structural support for some cells

lysosome

contains enzymes that allow it to break down old cells and waste products

smooth er

organelle that assists with the production of lipids

rough er

organelle that helps transport proteins made by the ribosomes stuck to it

cytoplasm

jelly-like substance that fills all cells and protects/cushions its organelles

vacuole

large structure found in plant cells that stores water, salts, and sugars

nucleolus

dense region of chromatin found within the nucleus where ribosomes are made

centrosome

organelle found in animal cells that assists with mitosis/meiosis/cell division

golgi apparatus

organelle that modifies, packages, and transports lipids and other substances made by the cell

ribosome

organelle that makes proteins; found in all cells

coccus

spherical

bacillus

rod-shaped

spirillum

spiral; rigid

sprirochete

spiral; flexible

prokaryotes have a cell envelope composed of 3 main parts

plasma membrane, cell wall, and glycocalyx

plasma membrane

phospholipid bilayer with embedded (intergral) and peripheral proteins

nucleoid

region that contains the single, circular dna molecule in prokaryotes

plasmids

small, accessory (extrachromosomal) rings of DNA

conjugation pili

rigid tubular structure used to pass DNA from cell to cell (pilus=singular)

what mainly distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic

membrane bound nucleus that houses dna, specialized organelles

eukaryotic cells are

compartmentalized; contain organelles

endosymbiotic theory

mitochondria and chloroplasts may have originated when a prokaryotic cell engulfed other smaller cells

mitochondria and chloroplasts look and function like

prokaryotic cells

endomembrane system

organelles that communicate with one another; er, golgi apparatus, vesicles

energy organelles

independent and self-sufficient; mitochondria and chloroplasts