APbioU2 Cell Transport

Channel protein

tunnels for small molecules or ions to leave/enter the cell (ex. Na+)

Carrier proteins

can distort to move larger and polar molecules through the membrane

Cell Recognition

glycoproteins that can be recognized by the immune system (sees if it’s part of the cell or foreign)

Receptor protein

grabs molecules to be taken into the cell

Enzymes

helps chemical reactions

Junctions

joins cells together to form tissues for structure or watertight barriers

Gradient

high concentration on one side (meaning net movement is down the gradient) until equalibrium is reached

dynamic equalibrium

when particles move across the membrane but there is nothing net gained or lost

simple diffusion

molecules moving until concentration is uniform

facilitated diffusion

particles with properties that cant go through the bilayer use transport proteins

Molecules that need facilitated diffusion are… (3)

large molecules, polar molecules, charged ions

Solvent

the fluid (usually water)

solute

things dissolved in the solvent

Concentrated

high solute (other thing)

Dilute

low solute (fluid, usually water)

Hypotonic

solution has more water

Hypertonic

solution has less water (think hyper = needs water)

Isotonic

solution has the same water potential (even)

Osmosis

a special case of diffusion where water moves across the membrane to bind to solutes

hypotonic has a ______ potential

high

hypertonic has a ______ potential

low

animal cell solution prefs.

hypo - lysed, iso - normal, hyper - shriveled

plant cell solution prefs.

hypo - turgid (normal*), iso - flaccid, hyper - plasmolyzed