Phil Ch 7

Categories

where things are understood to be; contains terms that define things’ essence

Substance

natures that exist on their own

Artifacts

are substances because of human involvement (ex. building a sand castle)

Parts of Substances

exist because of something else (ex. a petal from a flower)

Collective Wholes

classes or groups that have something (artificial) in common (ex. concert band)

Quantity

that which is divisible into parts; that you can divide up and enumerate

Discrete Quantity

highly specific (ex, numbers)

Continuous quantity

not as specific, extension of a line/surface

Quality

that which makes a thing what it is

Capacities and Incapacities

natural powers to act or not act (ex. intellect; blindness)

Habits and Dispositions

qualities that can acquire or lose

Habit

something that is practiced, changeable (ex. virtue)

Disposition

quality that comes and goes, something shorter lived

Imminent Act

thinking, seeing, being angry; remains in the doer, is a quality of disposition

Sense Qualities

terms that reflect the proper object of our senses (ex. texture); cause short lived changes in other beings

Shape and Form

limits and boundaries that make the thing what it is

Form

indicates the degree of perfection/completion

Shape

mode or determination of a subject that follows them from quantity

Relations

that which is connected or related to something else (ex. father)

Formal Relation*

relation

Implied Relation*

substance

Actions

what is done by the substance outside of the substance is essentially by the substance; anything a subject may do in the external order

Transitive Action

affects something else

Passivities

receives the action from an agent; the effect of what was the transitive action

Time

duration, how long It takes; past, present, and future

Place

the position of a substance relative to other substances

Posture

the order of parts that make a whole; their configuration (ex. standing, lying down)

Habit

signifies states or dress or of ornamentation (ex. bejeweled, wearing shoes)

Terms in categories signify…

universals

Only ____ terms belong in categories

simple

Simple Term

signifies a nature that is essentially one

Composite Term

opposite of a term; a term that signifies an object of thought that is accidentally one; belongs in more than one categories (ex. red car)

Transcendentals

meaning transcends any particular category

Ambiguous

negative terms; cannot be categorized

Everything that is not of nature is…

art

Definition

a statement of an essence, of that by which a thing is what it is

Proximate Genus

a genus to which you only need to add a difference in order to identify an entire species

Remote Genus

further removed from a species