Unit 1 & 2 - WHI SOL Prep 1: Early Man, Ancient River Civilizations, Early Civilizations
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39 Terms
Archaeologist
A scientist who examines objects to learn about the human past.
Homo Sapiens
Scientific name for modern humans
Hominids
Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Homo Sapiens, Neanderthal
East Africa
Where did the first humans emerge?
Paleolithic Era
Old Stone Age; simple tools and weapons; fire; cave art; oral language
Neolithic Era
New Stone Age; learned how to FARM (Agricultural Revolution); domesticate plants and animals
Stonehenge
Archaeological site in England; started in Neolithic period, ended in Bronze Age
Hunter-gatherer
Early human were ______ ______s to get food.
Major rivers
The earliest civilizations developed near:
Tigris & Euphrates River
Mesopotamia, Sumer, and Babylon developed between these two rivers; earliest civilizations developed here
Cuneiform
Sumerians developed this type of writing (wedge shaped)
Hammurabi's Code
First law code; very harsh; an eye for an eye
Nile River
Egyptians and Kush developed around this river
Hieroglyphics
Egyptian writing
Pharaohs
God-kings of Egypt
Pyramids
Places of burial in Egypt to worship pharoahs
Indus River
Indian civilization developed around this river
Hindu Kush & Himalayas
The two mountain ranges that surround the Indus Valley
Aryan Invaders
These people came through the Hindu Kush and took over the Indus Valley
Vedas and Upanishads
Holy books of Hinduism; brought by Aryans
Hinduism
Beliefs of this religion - many forms of one god, caste system, reincarnation
Pictograms
Indus Valley had these for their writing system; they've never been deciphered
Huang He River
Ancient China developed around this river.
Mandate of Heaven
Ancient China used the _________ to explain their rule (you have to have approval of the gods to rule)
Fertile Crescent
Arc of fertile land from Mesopotamia to Mediterranean Sea
Phoenicians
Shipbuilders, traders; created first alphabet
Hebrews
Monotheism (one god); Ten Commandments; Torah is holy book
Abraham
Founder of first monotheistic religion
Moses
Led Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt; was given the Ten Commandments
Persian Empire
Largest empire for a long time; Ruled with tolerance; Zoroastrianism was their unique religion; Royal Road system for trade and communication
Caste System
India had a ________, where people were stuck in their occupations.
Gupta Empire
Golden Age of India culture was the __________ Empire; mathematics, the number zero
Buddhism
Religion developed by Siddhartha Guatama; Four noble truths & eightfold path; rejects caste system
Asoka
India ruler during Mauryan empire that spread Buddhism
Confucianism
Philosophy in Classical China that emphasized respect for elders, code of politeness
Qin Dynasty
Dynasty in Classical China that build Great Wall to protect from Mongols; united empire;
Silk Road
Trade route from China to Roman Empire
Classical China contributions
Silk, gunpowder, porcelain, civil service system
Daoism/Taoism
Religion in China that emphasizes relationship with nature; yin/yang
