Short Answers

What bones are part of the shoulder joint?

1. Shoulder is ball and socket

2. Formed by head of humerus and Glenoid cavity of scapula

3. Dislocation occurs when head out of Glenoid cavity

What bones are connected to a hinge joint and a ball and socket joint?

• Hinge joints allow flexing and extension

  • Example: elbow formed by humerus and ulna, or the knee formed by femur and tibia

• Ball and socket joints allow rotation and movement in many directions

  • Example: Shoulder formed by humerus and scapula, or the hip formed by the femur and acetabulum

Compare myopia and hyperopia.

• Myopia is nearsightedness because light focuses in front of the retina

  • Fixed by a concave lens

• Hyperopia is farsightedness because light focuses behind the retina

  • Fixed by a convex lens

What can cause breathing problems?

1. Air cannot reach the alveoli which exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

2. Pulmonary arteries cannot properly carry oxygen poor blood from heart to the lungs

3. Pulmonary veins cannot carry oxygen rich blood from lungs to the heart

4. Trachea cannot guide air to the lungs

5. Bronchi cannot carry air to lungs

How does blood flow in the heart?

1. Oxygen poor blood enters right atrium

2. Travels to superior and inferior vena cava

3. Passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle

4. Passes pulmonary valve to pulmonary arteries

5. Blood to lungs

6. Oxygen rich blood enters left atrium

7. Passes through the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle

8. Exits the heart via the aortic valve to the body

How does urine get out the body?

1. Urine is stored in renal pelvis

2. Travels to ureter and urinary bladder

3. Exits body via urethra

How does food pass through the body?

1. Food in mouth is mechanically digested by chewing and saliva

2. Pharynx helps swallowing

3. Food travels down esophagus to stomach

4. Stomach aids in breaking down proteins and mixing food

5. Food travels to small intestine where digestion and nutrient absorption occur

6. Travels to large intestine where water and electrolytes are absorbed

7. Waste is stored in rectum

8. Waste eliminated via the anus

1. Tidal volume

2. Inspiratory reserve volume

3. Inspiratory capacity

1. Amount inhaled under resting condition

2. Amount that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal breath

3. Inspiratory capacity is the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume added

1. Expiratory reserve volume

2. Vital capacity

3. Residual volume

4. Total lung capacity

1. Amount that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal breath

2. Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after normal maximum breath = TV + IRV + ERV

3. Amount of air remaining after exhaling

4. Vital capacity + residual volume